Individual Management Planning Essay Example for Free

Individual Management Planning EssayImagine you are an executive for BP, and you are preparing a presentation for the hop on of directors about the schemes direction. Create a 10- to 15-slide Microsoft PowerPoint presentation, with speaker notes, in which you address the following Evaluate the planning function of management as it relates to the organizations goals and strategies. Use steps in the planning process outlined in the text. Analyze the influence that legal issues, ethics, and corporate social responsibility require had on management planning at BP. Provide at least one example for each. Analyze at least three factors that influence the companys strategic, tactical, operational, and casualty planning. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

Bill Gates and I Have the Same Property Essay Example for Free

Bill Gates and I Have the Same Property EssayThe government does not have the freedom to interfere into the belongings of an owner and the owners right to exercise power on the piazza. This statement may be evaluated with the following example. An anti-trust action was passed against Microsoft potful by the benefactor Attorney General of the Justice Department who challenged that the company cannot make it mandatory on customers to install the internet browser of Microsoft while installing the Microsoft 95 in operation(p) system. The Government also upheld the notion that it is not necessary for consumers to economic consumption one product of a company simultaneously when another product is installed. The court enjoin the separation of Microsoft 95 and Internet explorer. In continuation to this verdict, the Assistant Attorney General further demanded the unusual freedom to scrutinise all future products of Microsoft Corporation to check their marketing strategy. Microsoft retaliated that if additional facilities in the computer indicate unfair trade practice, the manufacture of computer itself would be desire posing threat to the manufacturers of products like calculator, typewriter and the like.Though the Assistant Attorney General justified that the anti trust motion is aimed to stimulate innovation and competition there were several obstacles to substantiate its outdoor stage to stop Microsoft from gaining market control (Labaton, 1997). check to Bill Gates, the separation of the run system and the browser would mean producing products with lesser value and reducing the demand for the operating system in the market despite enhancing the quality (Thibodeau, 2008).In the Second Treatise of Government, John Locke justifies that man can have a right on prop based on the amount of work he has make to transform the resources provided by God. The amount of work done by a person enables him to divide the common resources provided by God and own a part of it by himself. Thus private ownership of property is related to the amount of work done by man. The spoilage proviso limits the amount of resources a man can reserve when the resource is wasted and the sufficiency proviso limits the amount of resources to be have and the balance to be left with the nature for others.And when there are no more resources available, people are required to work on the available resources for sus hug drugance. According to Locke, when individuals own resources or land, they take better care of it rather than when the land is not owned by anyone. When land is owned the productivity is estimated a ten times its actual value and it will pave way for the betterment of life. Here labor is given more importance than on resources. When a person works on a resource it is automatically transformed into the workers property. It is the duty of the government to protect the right of a person towards a property (Meinhardt, 2007). crowd together Madison has defined the ownership and rights to use a property. He has stated that when a person has a right to property, it is equal to having a property in his own rights. Hence the governments interference into the affairs of a property or business owned by an individual when the business is meant for habitual use is not fair. Therefore the government should make it clear that the property owned by a person or corporate may be put into full use according to the wish of the owner if the use of the property adds values and the deletion of certain facilities reduce the value of the property.When certain use of a property is taken away by legal and governmental restrictions, the owner cannot exercise his fundamental freedom to exercise his right on the property (Pilon, 1995). In conclusion, governments do not have the authority to interfere into the rights of a property owner if the owner is a multi billionaire or a common person. lengthiness Labaton, S. December 22, 1997. Bill Gates, Meet You r Adversary, the Antitrust Chief. uncommitted http//query. nytimes. com/gst/fullpage. html? res=9D04E7DF143EF931A15751C1A961958260sec=spon=pagewanted=1. Accessed on September 8, 2008 Meinhardt, E. F. May 22, 2007.Critical Analysis of John Lockes possible action on Property Rights. Available http//www. scribd. com/doc/93360/John-Locke-on-Property-Rights. Accessed on September 8, 2008. Pilon, R. February 10, 1995. Protecting Private Property Rights from Regulatory Takings. Breathe New Life Into the Takings Clause. Available http//www. cato. org/testimony/ct-pi210. html. Accessed on September 8, 2008. Thibodeau, P. June 30, 2008. For Bill Gates, antitrust fight was a personal crucible. http//www. thestandard. com/news/2008/06/30/bill-gates-antitrust-fight-was-personal-crucible? page=0%2C1. Accessed on September 8, 2008.

The Potential Pros And Cons Of Recycling Environmental Sciences Essay

The Potential Pros And Cons Of Recycling Environmental Sciences EssayWhat is the reason behind recycle?Using less cash is behind work out the desire to just money, efficiency and earths re showtimes is the main reason behind recycle. As is well known that the less energy is used the less befoulment is released by factories.What is the importance of Recycling?We tail end summarize the importance of Recycling by the following pointssaving energysaving land spacesaving moneycreating new business sectorsreducing air and body of water pollutionpreserving habitat for wildlife.For the above mentioned reasons you should make recycling as a habit in your daily life. speech energyProducing new textiles takes more energy than using recycled stuffs.We send word use the radical as an example, creating paper from new woodland cost more energy than recycle paper from rot seculars, since there will be no necessitate to cut down a new tree to process the wood from the tree and make i t into paper.The most attractive thing is that energy from non-renewable resources is protected and saved for future generations therefore, money will be saved which means more competitively priced goods, and on the other hand pollution and missions are reduced when less energy is used.When we transfer the above information in to numbers we muster that reapingion of recycled paper uses 80% less water and 65% less energy, and pay backs 95% less air pollution than virgin paper production. 2 - air Pollution and Water PollutionNoxious shooteres and chemicals are released by decomposing lavishness at landfill sites.And it is very well known that gas and chemicals create air pollution Air pollution .And when chemicals leach into the groundwater this creates water pollution and our water is contaminated . It is noticed that in 2000, recycling of solid waste anticipateed the release of 32.9 million metrical tons of carbon equivalent (MMTCE, the unit of measure for greenhouse gases) i nto the air. (Recycling-Guide)We are able to breathe cleaner air and drink cleaner water if we could prevent pollution by using recycling centers instead of landfills.Additional BenefitsPreserving wildlife is a result of recycling, because fewer trees are cut down to make virgin material or to make space landfills, habitat for wildlife remains. More habitats for animals mean less animal extinction.It obvious that recycling is important and it can makes a difference. We may not be able to solve our landfill and pollution problems anytime soon, but at least we can help keep them from getting worse.Recycling is simple it might turn out by taking paper or plastic or both to a recycling bin near your home and no need to convey or to waste your time or your gas. You can make it a habit that in your shopping you can fill up your car with your rap of recyclable paper and dump it at the recycling bin near the store especially that many grocery stores now break these bins available or eve n start in your neighborhoods curbside recycling program.Recycling helps conserve energy and reduce the consumption of natural resources. And it is the best way to save the environment and lift environmental harm. You can make useful items from used plastic bottles, glass, and newspapers.Recycling has positive effects such as 1- Recycling Preserves the Environmentprotect the environment is processed by recycling . For example we as the demand for paper increases, a number of trees are being cut to produce paper since the demand for paper increases. We can prevent the destruction of forests by recycling paper. We can notice how number of forests is being destroyed to meet the ever increase demand of paper. Recycling a ton of mixed paper or newspaper is equivalent to saving 12 trees by this way we can save our natural resources. 3 2- Recycling Saves EnergyRecycling used materials reduces energy requirements in many manufacturing processes such as refining and mining. Recycling materi als like atomic number 13 and glass can greatly reduce the pressure on energy resources.3- Recycling Reduces PollutionHazardous substances in the form of plastics, empty cans, chemicals and ordinary waste contaminate our environment and cause pollution. Plastic recycling is an effective solution for the pollution of soil and water which is caused by the Plastic waste. Using materials from the plastic waste by recycling process can be used in manufacturing industry.Environment can also be polluted by greenhouse gas emissions which were found that this recycling 35,116 tons of material could be equivalent of taking 22,140 cars off road and this could help to mitigate global warming effects.Recycling material requires less amount of energy therefore by Manufacturing plastics and paper from recycled material save our environment than making them from new or virgin materials which also need transport this virgin materials and Transportation means using vehicles that run on fuels like di esel and gasoline. It is very well known that fuels are considered the main source of green gas emissions. In this case recycling means less fuel being utilized and lower amount of carbon dioxide will be released into the environment.4- Negative Effects of RecyclingThere can be a few harmful effects of recycling, if the sites where recycling is done, are not managed properly. Which means that those sites can become unhygienic as a result of collecting lot of debris every day for recycling?The surrounding environment can be severely damaged by the abandoned dump sited, a poisonous mixture knows as leachate will be formed and it is highly dangerous if it reached the water supplies. The water and soil can be mixed by the harmful chemicals in the trash then mixed with rainwater which falls on contribute dumps which will percolate deep into the ground and pollutes the ground water.Paper recycling can be a bit costly, as additional industrial processes such as bleaching, are required to make the paper reusable. There is no guarantee that the new recycled product obtained will be of good quality. This is because recycling involves manufacturing products from used materials.Protecting the environment is processed by recycling. For example we as the demand for paper increases, a number of trees are being cut to produce paper. 4 Due to the use of harsh chemicals in the process of bleaching and this can cause health problems on exposure. It is quite difficult to recycle all the material such as find plastic convenient for everyday use because there disparate kinds of plastic and one has to sort them systematically so as make a useful recycled product. One cannot simply manufacture a new product by combining different kinds of plastic.Still it is observed that different kinds of plastic and one has to sort them systematically so as make a useful recycled product. One cannot simply manufacture a new product by combining different kinds of plastic.It is obvious that takin g everyday trash to the nearest recycling center can make a positive violation on the environment therefore everyone must take the initiative to recycle waste material in order to preserve and protect our planet,The Cairo pass is an example of Recycle successA local school funded by Procter Gamble teaches the urban lamentable how to recycle plastics.Thomas Taha Rassam Culhane is the founder of Solar Cities, it is an plaque that install solar hot-water heaters on the rooftops of Coptic Christian and Muslim communities in Cairos slums.Zamalek is in Cairo , a lush island neighborhood in the Nile, is the heart of the citys upmarket area and it is thrives with tourists and commerce. Residents have learned to make a living off the trash from Zamalek and other parts of the Egyptian City.The Zabaleen , an Arabic word means in English garbage collectors, who used to gather and recycle Cairos garbage by their own hands for decades. Tens of thousands of these people took home to a place called Manshiyet Nasser ,which is a change dirt streets and precariously built houses, as a place for them to live in.A closer look at primarily Coptic Christian community reveals that Al Zabaleen means of survival may seem lowly but it reveals that something greater is going on here. The Zabaleen, like people living in poor countries around the world, are on the front lines of climate change.The United Nations last year Cited Egypt as an example, and reported that greenhouse gas emissions will have disproportionately negative effects on the planets most impoverished nations.Thomas Taha Rassam Culhane, the founder of Solar Cities and studying for his doctorate in urban planning at UCLA, has a nongovernmental organization that is installing environment-friendly solar hot-water heaters on the rooftops of Coptic Christian and Muslim communities in Cairos slums, says that people in Manshiyet Nasser, environmental degradation is already a pragmatism and they are already living in the worst of it and they dont want to see it getting any worse. 5 Culhane, says although poor people like the Zabaleen dont leave a large carbon footprint because their individual energy use is low but they create a problem for the economy and this should attract an International concern because the power they do use is subsidized by the government. The Zabaleen are using small vehicles and donkey carts, they haul massive bundles of trash from Cairo and about 80 percent of the garbage they bring into the community is recycled by hand.Picture of children as young as three sitting with their mothers and grandmothers and sorting through broken glass, cast out of metal, aluminum cans, dirty diapers and rotted food is a very normal scene in Cairo. One of the women sorting through piles of refuse face that she is working all the time and that her hands getting dirty theres no water. She is stating that the food is expensive and gas prices are seven pounds a bottle so they can not afford bu ying for heat and this why she work such like this.Culhane says that few years ago the Egyptian government distinguishable to privatize the countrys waste-management system, threatening the Zabaleen way of life.But because of Cairos narrow streets foreign companies ,hired to do the job, found that their garbage trucks couldnt do the job stating the donkeys can do such job and therefore the slums residents still collecting much of the citys trash.Several years ago, UNESCO and Procter Gamble began investing in an informal recycling school, officially called the Mokattam Non-Formal Education Project. after the Zabaleens efforts have attracted attention from the international community. The Culhane says counterfeiters used to sift through garbage, take Procter Gamble shampoo bottles, fill them with cheaper products and resell them. In order to get the bottles off the streets, , the Cincinnati-based gild agreed to fund the school and help the community learn how to recycle plastic.No w days, the school serves as a center where young people can learn about the business and economics of recycling and it is colorfully painted with PG shampoo bottles. Students are trained to use Excel spreadsheets, and they learn how to shred plastic in machines, wash and dry it using solar energy, bag it and send it out to be melted down for reuse.

The Four PS: Product, price, place and promotion

The Four PS Product, price, erupt and progressThe application of the selling merge known as the quaternary Ps product, price, place and promotion has been introduced over the past decades and has become widely dod in the concept of trade course today (McCarthy, 1971). These trade compound elements argon the key decisions argonas that marketers must(prenominal) manage in order to aid the supercede or transfer goods, services to set together node needs better than competition. A well specify definition by the American Marketing Association states thatMarketing is the dish up of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchange that satisfy individual and organizational objectives (Bennett,1995).Conversely, certain academics have argued that this view of marketing have become outdated for use in the 21st century today and is solo relevant to certain organizations (Hakansson et al, 1982). Success c annot arise exclusively from the elements of marketing mix but indeed by building long term descent in the midst of the buyer and marketer (Ford et al, 1986). As reported by Gronroos (1990), marketing mix go up is considered to be too limited. Hence, this has a led a discussions towards a substitution class rupture where upstart approaches have been emerging in the marketing research centralisationing on the importance of node retention, market economies and customer kindred economies.The resolve of this essay is to critically assess whether the application of marketing mix is still relevant for contemporary approach to marketing today. To do this, new approaches towards the paradigm shift will be critically evaluated with support to reference of the literature and personal views on the understanding of the content. Lastly, a conclusion will be given on the summary of the essay.Towards a Paradigm Shift in MarketingAlthough marketing mix is the foundation of most introduc tory textbooks, it is an incomplete framework for marketing today. As reported by Nichols and Woods (1997), 4 Ps misleads the theory of marketing that they are all that marketing requires. The main problem for this approach is the lack of coordination and cooperation crossways departments and functions. This result in low levels of business performance and low levels of customer satisfaction. As reported by Popovic (2006), the concept of 4 Ps is criticized as being a production-oriented definition of marketing and not customer-orientated. Moller (2006) have supported Popovic view and criticized that marketing mix does not consider on consumer behavior, does not allow fundamental interaction and capture relationships, works primarily as a simplistic device focusing the circumspection of management and it does not offer help for personification of marketing activities. This has led to a new paradigm shift on the focus of services and relationship marketing.Certain academics have su ggested that the 4 Ps of marketing mix should be expanded depending on the context in which they are being used (e.g., Kotler and Bloom 1984 Shapiro 1985 Booms and Bitner 1981 Renaghan 1981). According to Booms and Bitner (1981), he proposed an idea of an expanded marketing mix for general use by service organizations. The expanded mix includes the new ones like physical evidence where the environment in which the service is assembled and where the firm and customer interact, people where all human actors play a part in the service delivery and thus influence the buyers perceptions and process where the actual procedures and flow of activities by which the service is delivered. The new mix variables will influence customer whether or not their marketing impact is appreciated and managed. Thus, in order to draw attention to them as variables of equal importance than traditional mix elements, the services marketing mix gave each of the new variables its own place. This was not meant t o imply that the new variables are independent of the traditional mix elements, but rather that they are of expressed importance to service firm managers and therefore deserving focused attention in services marketing planning.However, in addition to the general criticism of the marketing mix, the specific concept of an expanded mix for services has also been criticized.Over the years, a number of writers have sought to leaven the four Ps by adding other items that they believed were critical to marketing management. Several writers have included research as an essential marketing management activity and even assigned it the alliterative nomenclature of Probing (Borden and Marshall 1959 Traynor 1985). Other elements suggested for inclusion into the marketing mix are Packaging (Patty 1997) and People (Baker 1997). It has also been suggested that the list be expanded to include personnel, physical facilities, and process management (Magrath 1986). superstar writer went so far as to suggest that as many as 12 Ps be included in the array of marketing variables (Johnson 1986).While each advocate for adding to the four Ps has championed that particular addition, no(prenominal) has made a persuasive case that the addition is essential to the exchange process or the creation of long-term elationships. Although none of the additions to the four Ps has had widespread acceptance, they do present a confused recipe to the student in some introductoryRelationship marketing attempts to establish, develop, enhance and maintain relationships and involve people over the long term so that they are loyal and supportive of the organization. This results in a stronger link between the internal processes and the needs of customers, resulting in higher levels of customer satisfaction. It is one of the most leading new approaches to marketing which has entered the marketing literature (Gronroos, C., 1992). Today, most firms are moving towards this approach in order to be more cre ative, innovative, and cost-effective for retaining and building loyalty with their customers. This approach is to be known as the biggest shift in the development of marketing.One element of relationship marketing is the promise concept (Calonius., H, 1988). Organizations that fulfill promises will generally attract new customers. If promises are not fulfilled, the evolving relationships between the buyer and seller cannot be enhanced and maintained. It is a means of achieving customer satisfaction, retention of the customer base, and long term profitability (Reichheld, F.E., 1990). Another key element is trust where there has to be belief in the other partner trustworthiness that results from the expertise and reliability of that partner. Both these factors are vital in a form of relationship marketing as it strengthens the bond and helps avoid dissatisfaction.Relationship marketing is still seen in its infancy as a mainstream marketing concept, although it has established itself as a primary paradigm in industrial and services marketing. Kotler (1992) is of the view that what we are witnessing today is a movement away from a focus on exchange in the narrow sense of transaction toward a focus building value laden relationship and marketing networks. It is all nearly how to hold our animate customers. This is probably due to the global economic meltdown as firms are fighting for survival. Our thinking is therefore moving from a marketing mix focus to a relationship focus ( clearster, Jr, F.E., 1992).As according to CRM today site, relationship marketing fails to captures the true change in the nature of network-enabled marketing exchanges. Relationship marketing makes the implicit assumption that firms creates and manage relationships, while customers play a passive role in the relationships. This assumption is no longer reasonable in the networked man of business. Customers are beginning to play anactive role in managing relationships. Value in marketin g exchanges is no longer created by firms and delivered to customers. Rather, customers are becoming co-creators of value by participating directly in the marketing process. As customers contribute their expertise, time, and resources in marketing exchanges, we are witnessing the emergence of collaborative marketing. Collaborative marketing as the process of working together with customers to create value in marketing exchanges. Relationship marketing requires firms to think about relating to customers. In contrast, collaborative marketing requires firms to think about collaborating with customers and making customers an integral part of the firms marketing activities. In collaborative marketing, the network becomes the enabler of collaborative exchanges, which go beyond relational exchanges because they involve reciprocal dependence and maximisation of mutual benefits.For instance, Procter Gamble has created the PG Advisors program to collaborate with customers in developing new p roducts. Customers try new products and provide feedback, allowing PG to refine products and marketing plans. Before using the Internet, PG would send packing $25,000 to test a new product concept, and it would take two months to complete the test. Now, PG can do the same test at a cost of $2,500 and get results in two weeks. PG is also using the Internet to take these new products to market. For example, in launching its Physique hair care products, PG invited consumers to register on its Physique.com Web site to sample the new products. Within 12 weeks, more than 5 million consumers visited the site, giving a strong start to the product launch. Similarly, the pharmaceutical teras Eli Lilly has created a Web-based community called Innocentive, which has attracted 7,000 research scientists to work with the company to solve chemistry problems in return for cash bounties. This is an astounding number, considering that Lilly has only 300 such scientists on its payroll. Lilly plans to create communities of researchers who can collaborate with each other and with the company to solve difficult research problems.Firms that harness the power of collaborative marketing will be able to extend their enterprise downstream all the way to their end-customers and take their customer relationships to a higher level.This shows that organizations today are already moving towards this new approach and not just focusing on the product/services they offer, but providing a long term relationship with customers focusing on value. My considered vox populi is that in todays troubled economic scenario this is perhaps the best resource for firms who have an existing customer loyalty base and therefore the need of retention is of primary concern.In contrast, some academics disagree on these researchers who attack on the meaning, philosophy and importance of the marketing mix approach. They feel that marketing mix is still valid and helpful in all industries such as service and manufa cturing. If a company does not have the right price, product/service quality, promotion and place or any other right marketing mix elements, it cannot create or achieve the right relationship with a customer. The right marketing and relationship mix offers a company a good opportunity to create a good total relationship with existing and potential customers (Zineldin, 2000). Practionners of management and marketing still believe in the validity of 4Ps. Give them the freedom to believe and improve, reconsider and renew the temple instead of destroying it. Indeed, companies have to use the 4ps to create customer relationships. Relationship marketing combines elements of general advertising, sales, promotions, public relations and direct marketing to create more effective and more efficient ways of reaching customers. It centers on developing a continuous relationship with customers across a family of related products (Copulsky and Wolf, 1990). The modern relationship movement leads or ganizations back to the pre-twentieth century with the global scale of the twenty first century through the 1960s (Borden 12 Ps and Kotler 4 Ps). Relationship marketing is not a new discovery but a re-discovery. The conclusion we draw that the paradigm shift is far from being dominant since Kotlersims concept of the 4ps is still dominating. There is no evidence that relationship marketing is to recognize the subtle changes in the business environment and to adapt to them.In the near future, the relationship marketing paradigm certainly will be a focal point of marketing research, thus positioning itself as a leading marketing focus not only in services marketing and industrial marketing but in most or all marketing situations.

The Heart, Hands and the Mind in Midwifery

The He artwork, Hands and the Mind in MidwiferyThe Art of MidwiferyMidwifery places the cleaning woman and the accoucheuse at the centre of midwifery interest. It is said that midwifery is an art that uses the heart, the hands and the mind. In relation to working with woman in childbearing this essay will talk about this statement. The essay will look at these three substantial grammatical constituents of midwifery, the heart, the hands and the mind, showing detail of how each are related and the importance of each element when working with women in childbearing. The heart looks at the key values of compassion, respect for the women, the baby and oneself, and the importance of women centred deal. The hands focus on the skills, techniques and therapeutic touch of the midwife and the mind highlights reflective and ethical practice, and the knowledge required to practice safely and competently.The HeartAt the heart of midwifery practice is the consanguinity between the midwife and the woman. This involves a relationship of trust. The women, relies on the midwife to give her confidence. The midwife is trusted by the woman to know what is beat out for herself and her body. The midwife benefits the childbearing woman with clinical knowledge, skills and recommendations, forming a relationship of mutual trust and respect (Alef Thorstenson, 2004). The fetch and the baby are the central focus for the midwife.Pelvin (2006) describes the midwifes role as one of privilege. The intimate relationship between the midwife and the women exists, through a personal and momentous event in the life of a woman. The physiological procedure of digest and the post innate relationship between have and baby is facilitated by the midwife however the midwifes influence does not end there, the role attempts to assist the women to have a deeper perceptiveness of herself and of her family relationships. A fundamental value of midwives as stated in the (Australian nurse and Midw ifery council ANMC Code of ethics, 2005) is the value of kindness and compassion to others and self, by respecting the fundamental rights and choices of the grow and ensuring that practice is ethically and culturally appropriate. Acts of kindness such as beingness gentle, considerate and caring should be a constant approach to midwifery care.The art of midwifery involves achieving a balance between being competent and professional whilst showing heart by still demonstrating emotion. Hunter (as quoted in Jacob and Lavender, 2008, p. 78), says that expressing emotion and communion feelings with others is immensely worthy, both for enhancing relationships and also for developing a type of practice that is open-hearted and genuine. This relationship is extremely valuable with pregnancy outcomes which may involve unexpected miscarriage, where supporting(a) women and their families goat be difficult.The HandsThe hands in the art of midwifery looks at the benefit of therapeutic touch . Therapeutic touch can reassure the woman of her safety with the knowledge that her midwife is confident in her actions and sensitive to her needs. When situations do not allow words, the hands can convey reassurance and express confidence, compassion and care (Ernst, 2009). Touch can be used in many forms including close contact for physical support, helping the women to maintain her posture or just being there as a shoulder to lean on. Touch can provoke different responses by different women. While massage can be good for relieving pain for some, others find a simple light touch to the forehead is all thats needed to reassure a woman she is not completely and that the midwife is there for her ( scallywag McCandish, 2007).Another important hands on skill for the Midwife is the ability to use palpitation and touch examination of the mothers abdomen to respect and determine the babys growth, position, size and wellbeing (Grigg, C. 2006). Other skills utilizing the hands can inclu de, teaching breastfeeding, blood pressure measurement, supporting the women through labour and birth, baby assessments and supporting the young infant and the use of interventions such as epidurals.The (Australian Nursing and Midwifery council ANMC, Code of Professional Conduct for Midwives in Australia, 2006) describes many other midwifery skills not sole(prenominal) relating to the care of the woman but also her family and the community. It is the duty of the midwife to provide antenatal and parenthood education. The midwife is committed to working with the women, providing support and advice during her pregnancy/birth and through the postpartum period. The midwives responsibilities also extend to preventative care, detections of complications, promotion of normal birth and accessing the need for medical intervention and the carrying out of emergency procedures should an emergency occur.Creating a positive atmosphere and environment for the birth is an important factor for many women. Most women have their babies in the unfamiliar and unwelcoming environment of the hospital, a positive positioning assists in reducing anxiety and stress, allays fears and allows the woman to feel secure in her surroundings. Page McCandish (2007) suggest that simply by making more space and miserable furniture in the room offers the woman more area to move and by providing different props such as benches, pillows, and cushions give the women more choices so as for example she can lean or rock when experiencing the intense pain of contractions. The skills of the midwife are many and varied and the hands are vital in conveying messages to the woman.The MindAs the Australian College of Midwives, ACM Philosophy for Midwifery (2004) states midwifery is informed by scientific evidence, by intuition and by experiences. This involves the midwife using knowledge gained from research evidence, individual values and preferences, seeking out evidence to support decisions and discuss ions with the woman to decide on her individual birthing plan. Page McCandish, (2007) describe evidence based clinical practice as the judicious use of the best evidence available, so that the clinician and the patient arrive at the best decision, taking into account the needs and values of the individual patient.(p.205)Birth is a normal life event and not a disease process thereof making health promotion the basis for midwifery care. Health promotion and education involves more than the provision of information to woman in antenatal classes reach by a midwife, where the midwife discusses topics the professional deems relevant. Education needs to move to a more client-led agenda (Beldon Crozier, 2005).When working with women it is important to always focus on women centred language and effective communication. Thinking and imagining how the woman is feeling assists in providing comfort and reassurance to the woman. Giving women information about the progress of the labour in pos itive name that the woman will understand is most valuable. Knowing when to be quiet is also important. The midwife has to be mindful of her own facial expressions as these can have a huge impact on the womans feelings, a smile conveys reassurance that everything is ok and going well (Page McCandish, 2007).The midwifes mind needs to be aware of the changes occurring in maternity care and know that the traditional medical model that once served the doctors and the hospital, is antiquated. As we move towards emerging midwifery models of care which favour continuity of mother and baby care by the same midwife throughout the womens pregnancy, birth and beyond (Barlow, 2008). A midwifes autonomy is increasing in maternity care. The Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council, Code of Ethics for Midwives in Australia (2005) also states midwifery care includes the promotion of normal birth, prevention and detection of complications in the mother and baby, medical care access and the carryin g out of emergency measures as important responsibilities of the midwife.ConclusionThe heart, hands and the mind all play important roles in the midwifery model of care. each(prenominal) area can be difficult to explain as separate components of midwifery as the three areas are intertwined and each just as valuable as the other in providing women with women centred care throughout the life changing experience of childbirth. It is evident from research into the art and science of midwifery that midwives are essential in providing care to the childbearing women that supports and guides women through healthy pregnancy, labour and the postpartum period. Midwifery care involves the promotion of normal birth, prevention and detection of complications in the mother and baby, medical care access and the carrying out of emergency measures. Our role is to work in partnerships with women and their families by helping them to explore their options and make informed decisions.WORD tally 1440 w ords with in-text referencing.

Directing Juliets Long Soliloquy Essay -- Drama

How would you direct Juliets long soliloquy in Act 4 let on air 3 on aShakespearean stage, conveying Juliets nightmarish terror andindecisiveness?My staging of Act 4 Scene 3 will try the major themes which arecontinued in the play as a whole whap, fate and violence. Both Romeoand Juliet are sometimes depicted as pawns of fate unable(p) to escapetheir destiny, yet in this scene as I wish to stage it, I want to showthat Juliet, following the Friars plan, takes a step towards ever-changingthat destiny. She does this out of love for Romeo and to escape thedespair brought on by what she thinks will be a loveless marriage toParis. Juliet is in the grip of very watertight emotions and in this sceneher morbid fantasies about tombs and spectres take a boisterous turn,showing the violence of her feelings and assert of mind.It seems strange that most modern productions omit this scene, better-lookingonly the first and last lines. The last line too is given in variousversions. Do the d irectors think that this death bed soliloquy - forthat is what it turns out to be - from the heroine, is too wordy andthat modern audiences can non interpret the violent images she talksabout without the images themselves before their eyes? Or do theythink that such violent emotions are uncharacteristic of Juliet andare out of place?In my production I intend to combine the powerful words of thedistraught Juliet with the inclusion of optical images to producemaximum impact. In order to help the Shakespearean audience visualiseJuliets words, I will place actors as ghosts and spectres acting outher fantasies in the gallery as she speaks the lines.On a Shakespearean stage the scenery was minimal, as were the props,so the contemporary audience relied on the words, clothing and theactor a lot more than we would normally do now. As the director, Iwould ask the young actor playing Juliet to be wearing a yellow downhearted night gown of the era. This would indicate to theaudience that in the play it is currently night time and that Julietis in her chambers (because a respectable girl would not be outside inher night clothes). The Shakespearean audience was very superstitious,so Juliet wearing a night gown that is yellow would also portray tothem ideas of optimism. Also, along the ideas of superstition, I wouldwant the vial to be red, ... ...loor of the gallery, where he has been waiting. Tybalt should lookextremely menacing and threatening towards the crowd. As soon asJuliet says O look I want the actor playing Romeo to appear on thegallery, next to Tybalt. While Juliet is speaking the next lines theyshould fight with rapiers. At the precise moment that Juliet says the import stay, I want Tybalt to stab Romeo, and then for all theactors on the upper stage to collapse to floor so they are not seen.I believe that in the staging of this scene, with actors acting outJuliets fantasies as she says them, I have exploited the fullpotential of the Elizabethan stage. Since thei r access to props and light was limited, words had to convey the idea of action, but bycombining verbal and visual I wanted to maximise the impact of thewords. Juliets highly emotional state is shown by her restlessmovements over the stage and her imaginings are portrayed in thegallery above. The violence shown throughout the play is mirrored herein Juliets words. Her love for Romeo is the cause of the scene butthe audience knows that in the end it is all futile since Juliet andRomeo are star-crossed lovers.

History of the Independance Movement :: Essays Papers

History of the Independance Movement One of the most important forces that governed the course of Cubas colonial history was the concept of racism. From the moment that Christopher Columbus treat the presence of indigenous peoples, and claimed the island for Spain on his first voyage in 1492, to the day Carlos Manuel de Cspedes began the first revolution to independence, in that location was a strong tradition of separation and objectification (Franklin 1,4). Diego Velzquez was appointed governor of Cuba in 1511 (Franklin, 1). He founded the first European settlement, Nuestra Senora de la Asuncin de Baracoa, on the Northeastern coast of the island. The European settlement of the Nuestra Senora de la Asuncin was established in the middle of a pre-existing indigenous settlement, from which it got the name Baracoa (La Rosa Corzo, 35). Similar situations occurred in many of the other original settlements, such as the town of San Salvador de Bayamo. Christian pre fixes were added to the indigenous names of towns. Europeans settled the center of these villages and natives were moved to the outskirts (La Rosa Corzo). During the fist one hundred years of colonization, the Native American universe was greatly reduced, and gradually replaced by African workers (36). However, the pattern of settlement remained a constant. In a 1605 census two per cent of the total population was considered Indian, and 36 percent were African slaves. Most of these Indians lived outside of major cities under the jurisdiction of their own tribal leaders (36). As the French, Dutch and British began their exploration of the Caribbean, Spain was further expedite its settlement of its existing colonies. Rapid settlement, coupled with Charles IIIs 1789 policy of free trade in African slavery, led to the development of plantations, and a slave society (Howard, 2). By the beginning of the nineteenth century the stage was set for Cuba to become the bigges t sugar producer in the world. The previous leading producer, San Domingue had nigh lost its hold on the sugar trade altogether, due to the revolution. The United States was newly independent form European rules and looking for new trade partners there was an opening in the market.