‘Of mice and Men’ Analysis Essay

In ‘Of mice and Men’ several characters dream of a different and better life. Why is it not a surprise that the dreams never come true? ‘Of Mice and Men is a novel written by john Steinbeck that features the hopes and aspirations of ordinary people living very simple lives. It features very strong characters each with their own dreams of a different and better life. But of course such dreams only remain dreams because they never do come true. The title ‘of mice and men’ is taken from a poem by a famous Scottish poet Robert Burns that quotes. The beat laid schemes o’ mice and men Gang aft agley (often go wrong) And leave us nought but grief and pain For promised joy! This basically means that it doesn’t matter how much you plan and dream, things very rarely go according to plan, which leaves us longing for promised dreams. John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California in 1902. This may have been the reason he decided to set the novel ‘Of mice and men’ in the Salinas valleys. It was hard to live in good conditions around the time the book was set (1930-1940) because of the Wall Street crash and the great Depression that followed. It was extremely hard to get a job and if you did get a job, it would be for minimal pay. During the 1930’s there was very bad unemployment, which meant thousands of people never had a job in the USA, so agencies (like the one that Lennie and George got their work cards from, ‘Murray and Ready’s) were set up to end farm workers to where they were needed. Despite these conditions many people believed in the American dream. The theory of the American dream was taken from the 17th centaury and basically mans that in America, it doesn’t matter who you are or where you come from anybody can make it big and be satisfied with what they have achieved. A lot of characters in the novel also had dreams of making it big and owning something good that they have worked hard to accomplish. Lennie Small and George Milton are the main characters and they both had similar dreams although they were very different people in more ways then one. We first get a description of their dream in chapter 1 when George and Lennie were at their campsite about to eat their supper. The conversation about the dream started off when Lennie said to George † tell me- like you done before about the rabbits.† The dream was basically that they wanted their own land where nobody can boss them around and tell them what to do. They also wanted to raise animals such as pig’s cows and chickens † an live of the fatta da lan†. From this dream the to characters Lennie and George both wanted different things. George wanted a place of his own and independence he also wanted security for Lennie but the main thing he wanted is a ranch like the one he lived on as a child. On the other hand the only thing Lennie wants from the dream is to â€Å"tend the rabbits†. At this point of the novel the dream that Lennie and George had was still just a fantasy not reality. This is because George and Lennie did not have much money, like many people who lived around the time of the great Depression. People found it hard to get jobs let alone make a lot of money and they had just run away from another ranch in Weed because of Lennie’s behaviour, so deep down George knew that it was virtually impossible for their dreams to become a reality, until†¦ Candy is an ageing, disabled ranch hand that has been on the ranch for a, long time and when he hears Lennie talking to George about the dream he realises that that was his golden ticket out of the ranch. Candy wants to leave the ranch because he feels that he has no future in the ranch he fears that he might be sacked in the near future because he cannot do his job as good as an able bodied person. Candy realises he has enough money to offer Lennie and George so he could be part of the dream, Lennie and George accepts Candy’s offer and then the dream becomes a reality because George knows a real place they could get. Crooks is a black ranch hand that is discriminated because of his colour. Crooks first gets to know about the dream when Lennie walks into his room, whilst looking for some companionship. When Lennie tells him the dream, at first he did not believe it and he thought it would never happen. But then candy walks into the room and confirms what Lennie was saying at this point candy starts to believe the ream and he offers to join them. Then Curleys’ wife walks in and has an argument with the three men and threatens crooks by saying se could heave him hung, it is after Curleys wife leaves the bunkhouse that crooks decides to withdraw his offer and end his dream. Curley’s wife dream is different from all the other means dreams. When she was younger, a man said that he was a film producer and that when he went he would come back for her and she would be in the movie. She waited for long for the man to send for her but he never did, she thought it her mother hid the letters but I think the man was not a real director; he was just flirting with her. Curley’s wife manages to end all of the dreams she firstly ends crooks dream by telling him that she could get him hung, then she ends everyone else’s dream when she dies because Lennie killed her and George then knows their dreams are over and her dream is over because she dies.

The Learning Process

According to constructivist theories of learning, an individual learns concepts by interpreting and developing meanings of things, such as their experiences or information encountered, based on their existing knowledge. (Newhouse, Trinidad, & Clarkson, 2002, p.7; Richardson, 2003, p. 1625) Accordingly, individual learning occurs in two ways: first, by acquiring knowledge from his or her interaction with his or her immediate environment; and second, by gaining knowledge from formal settings and instruction. (Newhouse, Trinidad, & Clarkson, 2002, p. 7) Thus, an individual learns from his or her active participation in making sense of new information and experience obtained from either an informal or formal setting. Critical thinking is a form of a higher order thinking skill or metacognitive process that involves collecting, sorting, analyzing, and concluding from information to meet a goal or objective. (Wilson, 2000, p. 7) Critical thinking goes beyond mere knowledge and concept acquisition. (ibid) It involves being able to judge the relevance of the knowledge acquired and knowing how to apply knowledge to varying areas or domains of learning. Improving thinking skills necessitate approaches that stimulate the learner’s interest and provide opportunities for the individual to relate his or her existing knowledge to new realities and experiences. For instance, Newhouse, Trinidad, & Clarkson (2002) suggest the use of computer-based learning systems in the classroom as a strategy to teach higher order thinking skills and improve the learning of students. (p. 11) The authors argue that computer technologies have the potential to create learning environments that support the development of problem solving and critical thinking skills in students by exposing them to experiences that require â€Å"extending and challenging their ways of thinking and acting.† (p. 13) Hence, computers allow students to improve the way they think and use knowledge. Work Cited: Newhouse, P.C., Trinidad, S., & B. Clarkson (2002). Quality pedagogy and effective learning with Information and Communications Technologies (ICT): a review of the literature. Perth, Western Australia: Specialist Educational Services. Richardson, Virginia (2003). Constructivist pedagogy. Teachers College Record, 105(9): 1623-1640. Wilson, Valerie (2000). Can thinking skills be taught? In Education Forum for Thinking Skills (appendix 3). Scottish Council for Research in Education. Retrieved April 27, 2008 from http://www.scre.ac.uk/scot-research/thinking/index.html   

Basic Memory Management Without Swapping Computer Science Essay

Basic Memory Management Without Swapping Computer Science Essay Program execution is the main propose of computer system .During execution programs are together with the data they access with in main memory. To keep track of what memory is in use and what memory is free is called memory management. Allocate the free memory to the process when any process needed the free space and de-allocates it when they don’t need the free space. Ideally, programmers want memory that is Fast Large Nonvolatile There are two classes of memory management systems, those that transfer processes to and from disk during execution are the swapping or paging .And those that don’t are the simple and might find this scheme in embedded device, phone, smart card, or PDA. Basic Memory Management without Swapping or Paging There are three simple ways of organizing memory, operating system with one user process. How to divide memory Two approaches are one divide the memory into fix equal partitions and the other is partition size can be loaded into any other par tition. Equal-sized partitions Any unused space in the partition is wasted called internal fragmentation. And process which is larger than partition cannot be run. Fixed size partitions In fixed partition processes are in queues that are fits in it, but some partitions may be idle because jobs are available in small partitions and only the large partition free. Memory management in Operating systems Linux Memory Management: There are two main component of Linux memory management. The first one component is to assign and freeing the space, after using the physical memory. The second component deals with virtual memory. Physical memory management Linux divide its physical memory into three different parts because it has different hardware characteristics. These three parts are the following: Zone DMA Zone NORMAL Zone HIGHMEM. Page allocator is the primary physical memory manger in Linux. For every zone separate allocator is exist which allocate and freeing the space for the zone. The allocator uses the Buddy system to keep all records about physical pages which is available at the time in memory. Memory splitting into Buddy system Virtual memory management There are many types of virtual memory regions in Linux. Backing store for the region is the first property of this memory. Which describe the pages region that from where it is to come. Mostly region is back by nothing which represents the demand-zero memory. Windows Memory Management: The window provide many ways to the application for using memory like virtual memory, heaps, memory mapped files and thread local storage. Virtual memory VirtualAlloc() is the method which is used to allocate the virtual memory and virtualFree() method is use to de-allocate the space into virtual memory. The virtual address in which the memory is allocated through these functions applications are enable. They operate on multiple pages which are in memory and the starting address must be greater than 0*10000. Heaps Applications used the memory space also through heap. In this environment address space is already reserve. When API process is start (also called initialized) it creates the 1-MB default heap.

Nuisance and Tresspass Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nuisance and Tresspass Law - Essay Example What is important in the determination of private nuisance is the element of infringing the right of enjoyment of property. In nuisance, the interference must be indirect and may result into damages. Some of the nuisance cause here include dust, noise, lose of sleep, destruction of rose and interference with having rest in the family’s garden. Where nuisance has resulted into damages, proof will be easier for the plaintiff (Gearty, 1989). David’s quiet right of enjoyment of his property has been infringed by Advise Harrington & Nephew Ltd. In lodging a case against the company, David will have the obligation f proving that there was unreasonable interference in the enjoyment f his rights on his land. Because the land existing was bought by David and David occupied the same piece of land, he has the right to claim that the actions of the company interfered with his rights on the land. For private nuisance to be acceptable there must be an element of continuity (Pollock, n.d). A onetime interference with a neighbour does not constitute a nuisance. In this case, the company continued with their operation even during the night making their actions unreasonable. The noise from the company made David and his family fail to sleep at night. The court’s decision will therefore be similar to that of De Keyser’s Royal Hotel Ltd. v Spicer Brothers Ltd. ... Moreover, the nature of the neighbourhood will be relevant when coming up with the verdict. In this case, it is David who bought the land next to the company. However, this argument will be impotent in this case because of the nature of damage. Location is only considered to the limit of enjoyment of occupation and not injury to property (Darbyshire, 2010). Because the Rose that was a gift during the family’s wedding die, the nuisance caused injury to property. The chemical emissions from the company further damaged, Wally’s car that was parked outside the house. The case of Esson provides a precedent of the same. In addition, David was not an abnormal claimant as the noise, dust or smell would affect the enjoyment of rights of any normal person. The claimant would therefore succeed in this respect and the court could move ahead to issue an injunction. This will therefore not be relevant n this case. Defendant’s lack of care Harrington & Nephew Ltd failed to care about their neighbours during the production period. The company ought to have taken measures to reduce the impact of dust, noise and chemicals to their neighbours. In a similar case of Andrae V Selfridge (1938) the claimant who was a hotel owner recovered damage from the defendant who caused unnecessary noise and damage during demolition. Harrington & Nephew ltd could claim the following to reduce their liability for nuisance to David. Consent; the defendant can claim that the consent claimant was granted before the commission of the tortuous action. In this case, David’s consent was not sought making this defence irrelevant. Secondly, the defendant can claim that the action being complained about

The villain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The villain - Essay Example The story of Eric from The Cape is a great example of fluidity between definitions of hero and villain. As a child it is clear that Eric wants to be a hero. He feels his cape gives him special powers. He likes what is good and wants to work hard to support it. Once he loses his cape, even though he leads a life of incredible good fortune with Angie, he seems lost. He is no longer a good person. He is certainly no hero. Left to his own devices, is the true character of Eric a person without any redeeming qualities? Does Eric need a crutch (i.e. his cape) in order to be good? Doesn't goodness come from within? These are questions for a longer paper. 3:10 to Yuma illustrates this dichotomy a bit more effectively in the personages of Ben Wade, a villain if there ever was one, and Evans, a hero. Wade shoots innocent people and feels nothing, as we see at the beginning of the story. The contrast between Wade and Evans is key. Without the good of Evans it would be harder to see the bad of W ade. Nevertheless, we see people change. At the end, Wade effectively saves Evans' life on the train. Is he a cold-hearted killer after all? He does seem to live by some kind of code. What does it mean that it is Evans he saves? Does he see the good in Evans and feel like he is worth saving for that reason? These are curious questions that the story leaves us with.

Managerial Applications of Technology (Business Intelligence and Assignment - 1

Managerial Applications of Technology (Business Intelligence and Knowledge Management) 2 - Assignment Example The computational power increase enables more data handling, and faster response and resolution of the problems and queries. The two are mere advancements of the field of technology made possible through the business intelligence support system. The impact of these two functions is rapid delivery rates and increased participation of the employees in the working procedures. These three variables work in a complementing manner towards one another. The possible costs of this massive expansion could be the need for establishing maintenance costs. Training the employees to work on the state of the art technology based networks is another constraint. Possible appearance of bug in the network may be another cost and constraint (Levinson, Bell, & Liu, 2011, p. 194). More data nearly always means better decision making. Since it allows clear litmus like test of the performance, achievements and the dates and objectives missed in the quantitative terms. Hence it can be easily advocated for that the data expansion and using business intelligence systems always pays dividends in the form of improved performance, self assessment and better employees understanding (Quintero et.al, 2010). Donovan, F. (2013, Feb 20). Gartner: Microsoft, Oracle, IBM lead BI and analytics market. Retrieved from fierceenterprisecommunications: http://www.fierceenterprisecommunications.com/story/gartner-microsoft-oracle-ibm-lead-bi-and-analytics-market/2013-02-20 Levinson, D., Bell, M., & Liu, H. X. (2011). Network Reliability in Practice: Selected Papers from the Fourth International Symposium on Transportation Network Reliability. Springer Science & Business

Are human rights simply extensions of natural rights Essay

Are human rights simply extensions of natural rights - Essay Example (United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948) These rights to life, property, liberty and peaceful co-existence among men and nations are based on equity and natural obligation however without any positive, substantive and procedural laws to govern the actions of each man and nation, then anarchy, chaos, and lawlessness ensue as men and nations are, at times, motivated by power, self-interest and greed. This being so, they are predisposed to use violence and inflict harm upon those who stand in their way. The aggrieved party indeed has natural rights to be protected against any transgression, tort, or injury however without any legal structure that prescribes how relief or restitution may be instituted then the compulsory compliance cannot be effected. It would appear that duly constituted governments have enacted laws which enshrine the basic human rights to life, liberty and property, including, among others, the right to free speech and assembly, freedom of abode, e qual opportunity and more importantly, the right not to be discriminated against by reason of gender, race, disability, education, belief or political affiliation. II. Statement of Issue/s One school of thought is that human rights is simply an extension of natural rights making the same self-executing thus this paper shall determine if this proposition or theory may be defended and supported by statutory enactments as well judicial interpretations. III. Statement of Relevant Historical Development In this jurisdiction, the rights evolution started in 1689 when the Parliament enacted the Bill of Rights, otherwise known as An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown. It delineated the powers of the sovereign, the Parliament including its freedom of speech, the necessity of regular elections and the right to appeal the monarch without apprehension of reprisal or punishment. It similarly re-instated the liberty of Protestants to arm and protect themselves within the realm of law as lawless elements were themselves armed and employed ruses contrary to law. Even the succession to the throne was subject of a decree which was crafted in 1700 and took effect in 1701, otherwise known as the 1701 Act of Settlement the Bill of Rights. However the enactment in 1931 of the Statute of Westminster in each of the Commonwealth realms marked the beginning that the Bill of Rights cannot be altered in any realm except by its own parliament, and if applicable by convention with the consent of all the other realms, if it involves the succession issues to the shared throne. In this jurisdiction, the Bill of Rights is complemented by Magna Carta 1215 which is a written instrument granting a more limited power to the king respecting property and successional rights of barons and freemen who held lands directly of the Crown, including the fees levied, payment of debts, services to be rendered and such other rights are inscribed to a vert any dispute. While Habeas Corpus Act 1679 confers rights upon those persons charged of an offense but are nonetheless unduly detained may file a petition for such person or body to be produced at such time and place determined by the judge upon payment of

Solutions and Approaches to Bullying in School and Online Research Paper

Solutions and Approaches to Bullying in School and Online - Research Paper Example Gay and lesbian youths are often targeted by straight youths who remain either uneducated about the biological implications of sexual orientation or due to personal bias against homosexual peers. However, there is also the phenomenon of bullying youths that simply do not fit the social norms related to gender role or gender identity, creating verbal and physical assaults when called effeminate or inappropriately masculine (when pertaining to female victims). A recent study involving 251 students identified that 48 percent of the sample had been bullied, with the aggressors calling the youths gay whether they actually fit the label of homosexual (Swearer, Turner, Givens & Pollack, 2008). Particularly true with male students, there is a widespread fear for those that are either gay or just decide not to conform to social norms related to gender role that they will be ostracized as effeminate or improperly homosexual. These verbal or physical assaults create internal havoc in terms of i dentify formation and can create long-term self-esteem problems. Bullying also is produced due to the environment in which students learn. Brendtro & Mitchell (2010) identify that the style of educator leadership in the classroom also plays a significant role in the presence of peer bullying in the middle school environment. The authors indicate that authoritarian leaders, those who do not seek youth input in classroom decision-making, create higher levels of aggression in students. What the authors refer to as laissaz-faire leadership, those who are highly liberal in which there is little authoritarian structure, create long-term chaotic and unproductive environments for learning and socialization (Brendtro & Mitchell). On either end of the educator profile spectrum, lack of structure or... This paper declares that bullying also occurs due to sexual orientation, an inherent biological process. Gay and lesbian youths are often targeted by straight youths who remain either uneducated about the biological implications of sexual orientation or due to personal bias against homosexual peers. However, there is also the phenomenon of bullying youths that simply do not fit the social norms related to gender role or gender identity, creating verbal and physical assaults when called effeminate or inappropriately masculine. A recent study involving 251 students identified that 48 percent of the sample had been bullied, with the aggressors calling the youths gay whether they actually fit the label of homosexual. This essay stresses that bullying also is produced due to the environment in which students learn. The style of educator leadership in the classroom also plays a significant role in the presence of peer bullying in the middle school environment. The authors indicate that authoritarian leaders, those who do not seek youth input in classroom decision-making, create higher levels of aggression in students. What the authors refer to as laissaz-faire leadership, those who are highly liberal in which there is little authoritarian structure, create long-term chaotic and unproductive environments for learning and socialization. Youths should be informed that late development is a common situation and provide examples of their own feelings of inadequacy that were formed during their own sexual development.

Assignment (training and development ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignment (training and development ) - Essay Example he human resource management must have an appropriate evaluation design that will give an elaborate indication on the training outcome (Aguinis & Kraiger, 2009). An elaborate data collection design can determine the conclusions made from a training and development program. A collection design compares a trained person to an untrained person or the same individual prior and after the training process. Equally, a trained person can be compared to a set standard of training. When the collection design does not compare a trained person to an untrained person, it forms a non-experimental design. When a trained person is compared to an untrained person in a randomized manner, it is an experimental design. Moreover, when the comparison is made with an untrained person in a non-random manner, it forms the quasi-experiment design (Lou, Duever, & Budman, 2004). Experimental collection design for training evaluation offers the best design to use in the determination of the training outcome. The design offers a stronger link between the training outcome and the learning process. Experimental training design can evaluate that the training process led to a change in behavior. As much as the design may be difficult to implement, it avails accurate information needed for organizational growth (Arthur et al., 2003). Arthur, W., Bennett, W., Edens, P. S., & Bell, S. T. (2003). Effectiveness of training in organizations: a meta-analysis of design and evaluation features. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 88,

Social Media Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Media Marketing - Essay Example According to the report findings  the measurement of social media has been stated to relate to the actuality of trailing the diverse and assorted content associated with the various types of social media on the whole. This particular process is observed to be carried out for ascertaining the specific quantity and attitude and reaction with regard to a particular brand in terms of the social media by the concerned marketers. Social media is being increasingly considered to be a popular form of marketing platform for the marketers owing to which the facet of measurement is considered to be quite a decisive constituent for the purpose of attaining success.From the essay it is clear that  the process of web analytics not only entailed the function of a measuring instrument in order to ascertain the web traffic but was also used for the purpose of business as well as market research. This stated measurement technique also aided in evaluating along with enhancing the efficacy of a defi nite web site. The web analytics were known to involve two groups and they were the off-site as well as the on-site. However, it needs to be mentioned in this regard that the advanced measurement tools in relation to the social media are believed to incorporate the two groups with regard to web analytics into tools that have been found to satisfy the functions related to both the groups.  The present measurement tools are known to provide a qualitative insight regarding the thinking, sentiment, behavior and demographics of the viewers.

Luxury Good and Burberry Essay Example for Free

Luxury Good and Burberry Essay 3. 2. 1Brand Equity Earning the royal seal of approval and outfitting the Royal Army placed Burberry on the map as â€Å"the original British luxury brand† but somewhere along the line, it became the raincoat brand known more for outfitting stuffy elder statesmen than the cloth of choice for the glamorous rich and famous. Burberry revamped its brand image, hiring new designers who took the signature plaid from raincoats to bikinis. Recent ads featuring British fashion icons like Kate Moss and Stella Tennant embody the essence of the new Burberry, depicting a modern edginess merged with a classic British elitism. Though they faced alienating loyal customers, Burberry balanced innovation with tradition to create an authentic, yet altogether more contemporary luxury offering. Since its reinvention, Burberrys equity has only increased, both in awareness and in meaning, that meaning now being relevant to a much broader audience. 3. 2. 2Brand Position Burberry under Bravo repositioned as a distinctive luxury brand with a clear corporate strategy aiming to broaden its appeal to new customers while retaining its traditional clientele. The reposition included †¢A highly distinctive advertising campaign. †¢A change of name from Burberrys to Burberry †¢A strong in house design team and the launch of Prorsum †¢Closure of unprofitable and non-core retail stores in Europe †¢Opening a new flagship store in London- New Bond street †¢Elimination of inappropriate wholesale accounts including the termination of distribution to known parallel traders; †¢Upgrading of the international Burberry London product range, including the restructuring of its sourcing and pricing, and the elimination of unnecessary product variation. 3. 2. 3Competition Burberry competitors are primarily in the Apparel Accessories Retail industry. Burberry also competes in the Cosmetics, Beauty Supply Perfume Retail, and Apparel sectors. Challenges facing Burberry today include increasing competition in the luxury goods sector. Companies such as Barbour are making progress in areas dominant by Burberry. As time continues the new companies of today are becoming brands of tomorrow and the luxury market is becoming highly competitive. Principal Competitors: In competition with Burberry there are a lot of companies like House of Fraser plc; Polo Ralph Lauren Corporation, Coach, Gucci. Burberry is wedged between lifestyle represented by Ralph Lauren and fashion represented by Gucci. Burrberry has effectively addressed competition by placing itself carefully so as to avoid direct competition but complicating the issue was the fact that burberry’s brand positioning placed it in indirect competition with both lifestyle brands and fashion brands. 3. 2. 4integrated market channels People use different channels for different reasons. Internet users bought products from a retailer’s offline store after viewing them on the seller’s Website. † Additionally, experience shows that television support for a direct marketing campaign can improve direct marketing response rates significantly. Each channel influences the others. Burberry operates e-commerce and other channels in the United States and across 26 European countries. Multiple channels converge into a unified user experience, if channels fail to offer a unified voice, look, and feel, Burberry may disappoint or frustrate customers. A multichannel user expects an integrated experience across all touch points with a brand or information source, and delivering on this expectation is the challenge for Burberry. This situation is more complicated by the presence of Burberry all around the globe. Till now Burberry effectively addressed integrated market channels. 3. 2. 5Price strategy Prices had been raised to reflect the Burberry’s new brand positioning. Serving a niche market sandwiched between labels like Polo Ralph Lauren and Giorgio Armani in apparels, and between Coach and Gucci in accessories. Burberry offered lower-priced labels for younger and fashion-conscious customer. At high end, Burberry offered the label Prorsum as a way to reinforce Burberrys positioning in the luxury brand. 3. 2. 6Retailing Burberry’s retail distribution is through DOS (comprising flagship and regular price stores), concession, designer outlets and factory shops. The flagship store are important since they act as a showcase for the brand creating a sense of theater through Burberry can promote a lifestyle and its product ranges . The store are also used to trial new products and concepts, and they carry exclusive lines. Burberry flagship stores are normally require upwards of 10,000 square feet of space and are specifically located in exclusive areas of key cities around the world like London, Tokyo , Barcelona , new York etc. A part of its repositioning a number of stores were closed , renovated or relocated according to image and performance. Burberry continues to move from a relatively static, traditional, wholesale structure to a more dynamic, retail culture and mindset. Burberry became more consumer-centric, responsive organization. This move positively impacted on directly operated stores, franchise partners, wholesale customers and licensing partners worldwide. 3. 2. 7Wholesaling The Wholesale channel includes independent retailers. The wholesale customer include leading department stores and specialty store , including duty free retailers and free standing Burberry store operated by wholesale customers. Burberry selects wholesale customer on the basis of reputation and market positioning. It also works with wholesale customers on a store by store basis to ensure the right product mix. Burberry effectively came out of parallel trading and deteriorated quality in wholesaling under the leadership of Bravo. 3. 2. 8Logistics Through concentration on operational activities, such as replenishment, planning, merchandising, fixturing and visual, Burberry continues to drive store productivity. In addition, Burberry has developed and piloted a sales and service programme which will be implemented globally in retail stores. 3. 2. 9Advertising Burberry believes that its active marketing and management of the brand has been critical to its success. Marketing initiative like advertising and fashion shows and editorial placements are intended to generate editorial coverage and achieve a high profile and consistent visibility in in domestic and international markets. The advertising has articulate the brand values through innovative visuals that have helped formulate a merchandise strategy and provided inspiration for what Burberry could stand for in a contemporary market. In common with most luxury brands where average advertising spend is as high as 10 percentage of sale, Burberry sees advertising as key in strengthening its brand and image. In 1998 the company began its successful advertising strategy to re-launch and reposition its brand. It hired advertising agency Baron Baron and celebrity photographer Mario Testino, whose work had appeared in Vogue, The face, and Vanity Fair, using model Kate moss and Stella Tennant, among others, to inject contemporary sophistication and excitement into what had become a tired traditional brand. Mario Testino helped to visualize the brand. Kate moss has arguably been the most high profile face associated with the campaign, although other celebrities have been involved in the publicity. The powerful black and white images of Moss in bikini were key in capturing the attention and imagination of public. 3. 2. 10Direct marketing Burberry uses the following direct marketing channels. 1. Burberry collects certain personal information from customer for example, name, postal address, phone numbers, e-mail addresses. They use this information to manage customer’s account with them and to provide you with information about our products. Burberry sometimes ask for other details, for example product size and category preferences, age and any special dates (such as birthday and anniversary) which will be used to enhance our service. 2. Email updates and news on Burberry collections and on-line exclusives 3. Wishlist creation for Burberry products. Burberry is effectively utilizing above channales but they can expand more in this are using catalogue, telemarketing and directTV. 3. 2. 11Product strategy From a simple raincoat to a global brand, Burberry has become one of the worlds most successful luxury brands today for men, women, and children, encompassing not only outerwear, but clothing, fragrances, accessories and items for the home. Today Burberry has become an icon. It is a brand with a distinctive British sensibility, strong international recognition and differentiating brand values that resonate across a multi-generational and dual-gender audience. Burberry revitalized its brand by developing the long term effective product strategy. The steps Burberry took to revitalize itself are †¢Consistent projection of Burberrys distinctive luxury message across all mediums is a core objective. †¢Celebrity Endorsement †¢Effective Advertising †¢More Selective Distribution †¢Placement of Advertisement in Exclusive Channels e. g. Fashion show †¢Market penetration and invest in product development †¢Flow frequency: Increasing the frequency of flow of new products to Burberry’s stores. †¢Replenishment: Developing a more extensive and responsive replenishment programme in all product divisions, while evolving in-store visual merchandising and processes to support. †¢Continue to represent British culture, history and tradition 3. 2. 12International marketing Asia represents significant growth opportunities for Burberry as it does for other luxary brands. Japan is the Burberry’s most advance consumer market in asia and its initial point of entry into the region having been there operating there since 1920 brands. The core Burberry men’s and women’s lines have been extended to more fashion forward youth oriented collections – Blue label for women and Black Label for men – both aimed at the under-25 age group. This group has proved particularly receptive to the Prorsum international runway collection. Outside the japan, Burberry has consolidated its distribution in Hong Kong, Singapore and korea. It has new childrens wear business in korea, has opened new prestige stores in hong-kong and undertaken new market initiatives in Singapore Upgrading store image. The Group continues to renovate high profile locations worldwide with a brighter, modern aesthetic and more efficient and productive design concept. In 2008/09, Burberry achieved a 50% increase in revenue from key emerging economies including China, the Middle East, Russia and India. These markets now contribute 9% of sales, up from 6% in 2007/08. Historically, Burberry has operated in these markets through local partners who possess the specific knowledge and resources required to develop the brand in their respective regions. In September 2008, Burberry entered a joint venture with its main partner in the Middle East to manage retail and wholesale operations in certain key markets. Since inception, Burberry Middle East has opened four stores, including two standalone childrenswear stores. Burberry continues to open stores with franchise partners in other markets, with a net eight stores opening last year, including a net two in China and the first significant stores in India.

Keep Arts in Public Schools Essay Example for Free

Keep Arts in Public Schools Essay As I scroll through my Instagram feed I see various types of pictures: food, family, homework and a myriad of other subjects. One thing many of the people I see on Instagram do is take pictures in front of old, beat up homes on the east side of Detroit. Why? Well, they are not just beat up homes. They are part of The Heidelberg Project. The Heidelberg project is a live work of art that not only attempts to make beauty out of ruins, but revives Detroit in a way and also makes a political statement of events of the past and today (â€Å"FAQ†). What’s my point? Well, what has made the creator of this project, Tyree Guyton come into this neighborhood and do this? Art. He has a passion for art, and creatively applied it to his surroundings of what seemed like junk and ruins. Guyton had arts in his education and carried it with him in life. Not everybody has to develop some type of passion or love for the arts and make a career out of it, but some people do. Who would play music at events? Who would create music scores for your favorite video games and movies? Design your clothes and homes? Who would act out our favorite plays, movies and musicals? Sure, some people may not be into The Arts, and they may not be very good at it. But how will they be able to find out if they are not given the chance? The government wants to cut arts programs from public schools to ‘save money’ but it is not a wise action. Students will be less well rounded; will lack the advantage of developing specific problem solving and creative thinking skills, make students less motivated to attend school, and also gives them less of a chance to participate in something positive, prevents cultural renewal and hurts the economy more than helps it (Catherine 16). According to Ann Mary, individuals who have arts incorporated into their education end up being ‘more innovative thinkers’ (28). When students have some type of arts class, the tasks each person completes can usually be interpreted in multiple ways and can also be completed in a variety of ways. Even when playing a musical piece, certain parts are not played exactly as written. People can play based on their interpretation where it is available in the sheets. Also, many popular songs today are arranged for playing on musical instruments. Not all arrangements are the same. They may have minor differences, but they could be equally representative as a rendition of the song. Having this freedom in the creative thought process is important to have because in the real word, problems do not always have a specific and designed answer- they can have hundreds of possible solutions with thousands of ways of approaching them, or one solution with hundreds ways of approaching it. Students need to learn how to ‘think outside the box’. Students have also been proven to perform better in school when involved in arts programs (Benham 8). If the only thing left in schools is standardized testing, students will be harmed instead of helped. Standardized tests discourage any type of individual thinking or further thought on the subjects being studied by students because they are so focused on studying for the test and how it is formatted, what type of questions will be asked and which type of answers, how to decipher which is the trick answer and the obviously wrong; they take what they learn at face value and do not think twice of it or strive to learn more. It’s all about the tests, after all. When the tests are over, the information is forgotten like last seasons questionable latest fashion craze that is now replaced with an even more daring fad. Students are turned into one question, one answer, one method zombies that have nothing to receive from their education but black and white packets that determine their grade (Mary 29). School would become less enjoyable for students and they would be less motivated to attend, affecting their attendance (Catherine 17). Students that receive an arts education in school also have the advantage of being more well-rounded compared to students that go to school yet do not participate in any type of extra-curricular or elective type of classes at school. These art-involved students attract the attention of colleges more. Colleges will more likely accept and offer a scholarship to a student who is involved in music, art, or theater opposed to a student who is not involved in any activity. I know this firsthand by being told time and time again by a handful of different teachers and counselors. One of my close friends received a full-time scholarship for her time at college because of her good grades and the music and theater classes she participated in. she is now studying music. In New York, the mayor decided to cut funding for art programs that take place during and after school due to financial crisis (Taylor). This news was discouraging to parents and children and educators. The children who attend these classes most likely enjoy them and learn more than just how to paint or how to cry on spot. They make friends, learn how to work with different types of people, and discover the way things work. Someone may be participating in these activities to avoid going home to a dysfunctional family and take his/her mind off the troubles. Some find it relaxing and fun (Faraj). Some parents work till the evening and feel safer knowing that their child is engaged in a positive after school activity rather than possibly being involved in illegal or dangerous street activity. The individuals that teach these programs lose their jobs and also increase the unemployment rate which does not help the financial crisis. The government’s main reasoning behind the budget cuts is the lack of funds to continue supporting these programs. What the government does not realize is that this will lose money instead of save money (Catherine 16). The people who receive an arts education and decide to make a career out of it may start projects or businesses that pertain to what they do, and also generate more jobs for more people. This would make more tax dollars for the government and also help decrease the unemployment rate. Students that carry their arts education with them will use its benefits towards their career whether they are musicians, physicists, fashion designers, engineers, and more. Personally, I have always loved the arts, especially music. Whenever it is time for music class, I get excited. In elementary school, the class I learned the most in was music. In high school, I took piano class for two years, and even a semester of band. Piano class was the only class where I devoted the most of my efforts and time into that class and feel like I learned the most. When I took band, I learned that all of the concepts that I learned in while learning how to play piano could be applied to playing other instruments. I feel like I have benefited from learning music because it has helped me focus on a task and I learned not to give up right away. My band/piano teacher Mr. Guthre claims, â€Å"Music is the only thing a person can multitask with all while in time. You play a piece of music; think about what you are playing, what you will play next, what mistake you made, all while playing in ‘real ‘time (Guthre). Some people may not really remember their art, music, or theater classes aside from that weird painting they were shown that makes no sense at all, some old piece by Mozart that they learned about (ugh why am I learning this, its so old! ), or the ‘strange’ activities students had to participate to warm up to act out Shakespeare (yet another old guy that is centuries old, yawn), but it has still helped them subconsciously. And for those students that have stuck with anything art related, they will benefit and have the advantages of being well rounded, possessing creative thinking skills and also being able to work effectively in teams while having exceptional problem solving skills. Students will also be engaged in a positive and keeps them motivated overall. The arts are more important than they seem, and the government should reconsider where to make sacrifices to save money.

Warrington Environmental Pollution and Soil Health Risks

Warrington Environmental Pollution and Soil Health Risks Report on the environmental pollution and human health risks of soils in the former industrial area of Woolston, Warrington. 2.Introduction: As a result of rapid population growth followed by intense industrial activity and petrochemical development soils have suffered from contamination with substances of various origins (E.M.Garcia et al,2015).As a result of rapid industrialisation of cities such as Manchester, newly constructed canals were built all over the UK in order to increase trade as well as the exportation of goods. In the 1820s, a new canal was established along the river Mersey with the purpose of shortening the route of navigation through the meandering Mersey. 3.Study site. According to Warrington borough council, the New Cut Canal was opened in 1821. This 2km long canal was built in order to improve the Mersey and Irwell navigation by creating a shortcut for barges carrying goods between Liverpool and Manchester. Historical ordnance survey maps from 1907 show an adjacent chemical works, a large tannery, a slaughter house, a metal works and a gunpowder mill. Sustained industrial activity meant that the canal sediment was undoubtedly polluted by spillages from ships and industrial effluents (Hartley and Dickinson,2010). Following the establishment of the Manchester shipping canal the New Cut Canal began to decline until it was left derelict (Warrington borough council) and eventually the Canal was disconnected from the river and abandoned in 1978 (Hartley and Dickinson,2010). In that year, it was decided that the site was to be used for tipping under emergency procedures to deposit road construction rubble (Hartley and Dickinson ,2010). Following this history, it has been estimated that the site contains 9800 tonnes of polluted anoxic sediment. It is known that this polluted sediment contains elevated levels of TPHs (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons), PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) followed by highly elevated concentrations of metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr and Ni) and Arsenic (As) (Hartley and Dickinson,2010). 4.Methods: 4.1. Methods out in the field. 4.1.1 Soil samples To determine the degree of soil contamination at the site, soil samples were taken at various points along the New Cut Canal site. It was decided that a systematic sampling method would be used in order to record an adequate amount of data for the investigation. This sampling method had been chosen as it allowed one to determine the spatial pattern of contamination whilst limiting human errors (O1). Whilst at the site, transects had been established along the New Cut Canal site. Transects were established along a 700-metre stretch of the canal and each transect had been separated by 70 meters. In total there was 10 transects and along each transect,6 soil samples were taken approximately every 10 meters from the Northernmost point of the canal to the southernmost point closest to the river Mersey. Soil samples from each sampling point were taken just below the surface but in order to prevent large organic materials from interfering with the soil investigations later it was decided that each sample should be taken and the large organic matter (Roots etc.) should be removed. This was done using a measuring tape and a spade. The soil samples had been gathered in plastic bags. 4.2. Conductivity and resistivity values within the soil surrounding New Cut Canal. 4.2.1. Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) using ERT (Electrical Resistivity Tomography) The ERI was used to show the potential mobility of trace and toxic metals within the soil by analysing conductivity data from the ERT and the EM-31. Conductivity measurements were taken using an ERT along a single transect measuring 35 metres between the New Cut Canal site and the river Mersey. The ERT takes conductivity measurements through a series of electrodes which are placed into the ground. Once these electrodes had been implanted and connected to each other via multi core cables a current was then injected into the ground through these electrodes and as the current passed through the soil resistivity measurements were taken. Changes in conductivity reflect variations in subsurface materials and higher conductivity readings are associated with higher metal concentrations in soil pore waters. Figure 1: Below is an image that shows the standard setup of ERT. In this investigation the electrodes were inserted into the ground at distances of 2 meters apart. The transect of electrodes covered an area between the New Cut Canal and the river Mersey and was carried out at an angle of 0 ° (North to South). Image from Terra Dat:   http://terradat.co.uk/survey-methods/resistivity-tomography/ 4.2.2. Geonics EM-31 Ground Conductivity meter ERT maps out the geological variations associated with changes in conductivity (Exploration instruments) as well as the EM-31. Unlike the ERT, the EM-31 gathers its readings by creating an electromagnetic field in the air using a coil wire which is separated from a receiver coil by 3.66 meters. The transmitted energy propagates into the subsurface where a second electromagnetic field is created due to the effect of soil moisture, conductive earth materials and other buried objects (Reynolds international,2011). The EM-31 is useful to this investigation as it can take conductivity measurements below 2 meters of the Earths surface. The data collected by both the EM-31 and the ERT could then be combined to determine changes in conductivity up to a depth of 3-4 meters. 4.3. Soil sample experiments in the lab 4.3.1. Determining total metal concentrations Following the onsite extraction of soils samples, they were then taken to the lab for further processing. Before any more investigations were conducted the soil samples were dried in an oven at 40 °C for 48 hours in order to remove all of the moisture.   Oven drying the sediment is crucial in this type of investigation as one can only compare the dry weight to the Soil Guideline Values (SGVs) (DEFRA, 2002). Once they had been dried, the soil samples were then processed further in order to analyse the total metal concentrations (Pb,Zn,Cr and As), bioavailability of those metals, organic matter content and soil pH. Soil samples were then sieved so that larger particles greater than 2mm in diameter were removed.   After the samples had been sieved, analysis of the bioavailability of metals was conducted. 10g of sieved sediment was then added to a conical where 50mL of 0.5mol acetic acid was added using a measuring cylinder. Once the acid was added the flask was sealed with Parafil m and placed onto an orbital shaker for 30 minutes. Whilst the samples were shaken, 2 30mL universal sample tubes were prepped (2 for every sample) and a Whatman no 1 filter paper was added to each of the tubes. After the cylinder samples had been shaken, they were left to stand for 10 minutes in order for the contents to settle (Beneficial to the investigation as it sped up the filtering process). Following 10 minutes, the supernatant liquid in the cylinder was then added into the universal sample tubes through the filter paper. Once one of the tubes was full the second one was then introduced to the filtering process. Eventually both universal tubes were sealed and then analysis of the metal concentrations was conducted by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). 4.3.2. Determining organic matter (OM) content Secondly, organic matter content needed to be measured, this was done using the loss on ignition method. This process began with the weighing of an empty porcelain crucible (W1). Soil was then added until it filled the crucible and was then weighed (W2). The air-dry weight was then determined by using the following calculation W2-W1. The minute that this was done the crucibles for each of the samples was then oven-dried at a temperature of 105 °C overnight and then placed in a desiccator the following morning. Afterwards, the samples were then measured again (W3). The crucibles were then placed into a muffle furnace and ignited at 450 °C for 8 hours and left to cool on a sand tray. After this, the crucibles were weighed again (W4). This was done to burn off any of the Organic Matter (OM) content. Muffled weight was then determined by using this calculation, W4-W1. The final method involved a simple calculation, shown below: OM content (% of dry sediment) = [oven dry weight (g) muffled weight (g) / oven dry weight (g)] x 100 4.3.3. Determining soil pH To begin with 10g of soil was added to a beaker using a spatula where it would then be mixed with 25mL of deionised water using a measuring cylinder. The beaker was then stirred well until all of the material had been suspended (To allow the contents to mix) shortly followed by a 15-minute period whereby the beaker was left to stand. Following the 15-minute period a pH strip was dipped into each of the samples. Using a pH reference card, the colours recorded on each of the pH papers was noted. 4.3.4. Determining Total (T) metal concentrations using XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy) Finally, 10g of each sample was added into a small plastic bag and then shaken until all of the soil reached the bottom. The bag was then placed onto the test bed and then the XRF machine determined the % values of Pb, Zn, Cr and As. 5. Results 5.1. Figure 2: The table below shows all of the data collected from the field as well as metal concentrations in mg/kg-1 for each of the soils samples. OM or organic matter was measured in grams. Total Chromium concentrations when analysed however the concentrations were too low when measured using X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF). SiteID x y OM pH PbT ZnT CrT PbB ZnB CrB A1 363081 389035 4.66 5.50 29.00 199.00 nd 0.01 12.71 0.21 A2 363081 388969 14.81 5.80 15.00 80.00 nd 0.09 1.90 0.20 A3 363087 388919 15.28 6.00 20.00 130.00 nd 0.01 11.95 0.26 A4 363064 388867 6.26 4.70 645.00 417.00 nd 2.44 35.99 0.45 A5 363070 388823 10.67 4.50 40.00 205.00 nd 0.18 5.87 0.17 A6 363079 388737 8.76 4.50 58.00 299.00 nd 1.05 19.16 0.04 B1 363137 389021 23.24 5.00 178.00 32.00 nd 0.41 26.42 0.18 B2 363139 388973 6.83 5.00 79.00 16.00 nd 0.01 0.01 0.18 B3 363140 388941 7.02 5.00 126.00 24.00 nd 0.01 5.37 0.16 B4 363145 388882 13.11 4.70 128.00 27.00 nd 0.01 9.92 0.11 B5 363160 388808 10.16 4.70 96.00 26.00 nd 0.30 10.23 0.15 B6 363186 388731 13.57 4.70 184.00 32.00 nd 0.00 9.57 0.18 C1 363196 388941 9.10 4.70 73.00 21.00 nd 1.55 8.20 0.22 C2 363194 388975 10.60 5.00 107.00 19.00 nd 0.01 11.02 0.31 C3 363185 389022 11.20 5.00 79.00 24.00 nd 0.15 10.72 0.24 C4 363205 388828 13.10 4.70 75.00 20.00 nd 0.01 9.09 0.12 C5 363201 388854 8.90 4.70 93.00 20.00 nd 0.26 11.13 0.12 C6 363187 388888 9.60 4.40 95.00 24.00 nd 0.01 8.71 0.16 D1 363251 388969 7.51 6.10 126.00 298.00 nd 0.69 61.88 0.41 D2 363250 388965 10.55 5.80 111.00 278.00 nd 0.01 17.75 0.20 D3 363256 388999 11.45 5.50 109.00 312.00 nd 0.16 18.38 0.16 D4 363247 388907 12.92 6.10 32.00 45.00 nd 4.75 36.60 0.37 D5 363250 388898 9.32 5.00 34.00 56.00 nd 4.50 25.35 0.30 D6 363252 388887 3.86 4.40 23.00 32.00 nd 4.59 27.91 0.34 E1 363398 388984 7.70 5.50 38.00 298.00 nd 0.52 21.28 0.17 E2 363389 388997 8.90 5.90 55.00 433.00 nd 0.21 25.96 0.22 E3 363380 389003 5.60 5.10 38.00 532.00 nd 0.01 3.60 0.15 E4 363445 388929 11.20 4.50 21.00 56.00 nd 0.11 0.01 0.09 E5 363444 388919 11.90 5.10 19.00 48.00 nd 0.58 0.42 0.09 E6 363447 388907 12.10 5.20 33.00 63.00 nd 1.22 5.42 0.14 F1 363519 388982 9.77 5.80 33.00 225.00 nd 2.01 11.29 0.63 F2 363510 389010 11.16 5.50 22.00 134.00 nd 0.37 16.08 0.35 F3 363512 389029 5.70 6.50 55.00 489.00 nd 0.07 23.22 0.17 F4 363519 388973 6.89 5.00 37.00 220.00 nd 1.75 16.22 0.58 F5 363525 388946 6.18 4.70 21.00 80.00 nd 0.01 0.01 0.14 F6 363533 388923 6.75 4.40 20.00 52.00 nd 0.01 2.59 0.12 G1 363573 389056 21.17 5.80 43.00 287.00 nd 0.00 13.66 0.41 G2 363564 389032 12.76 5.50 45.00 289.00 nd 0.01 10.49 0.44 G3 363561 389022 8.53 7.00 32.00 212.00 nd 0.09 9.90 0.34 G4 363564 389001 8.32 5.00 23.00 176.00 nd 0.07 2.10 0.15 G5 363559 389022 6.67 4.70 21.00 76.00 nd 0.05 2.30 0.17 G6 363569 388965 8.35 4.70 19.00 34.00 nd 0.03 2.10 0.18 H1 363685 389056 6.26 6.50 1047.00 1639.00 nd 16.57 49.79 0.67 H2 363674 389036 2.22 5.50 49.00 1156.00 nd 0.17 38.15 0.22 H3 363669 389016 3.01 5.30 46.00 153.00 nd 8.73 23.47 0.44 H4 363632 388981 4.96 5.00 23.00 77.00 nd 0.24 2.97 0.06 H5 363631 388971 7.34 5.00 31.00 143.00 nd 0.46 6.01 0.11 H6 363632 388959 4.84 5.00 48.00 78.00 nd 2.44 0.64 0.13 I1 363697 389018 21.17 5.80 32.00 819.00 nd 0.74 40.06 0.39 I2 363703 389044 12.76 5.50 51.00 483.00 nd 1.65 32.53 0.60 I3 363694 389078 8.53 7.00 32.00 202.00 nd 2.10 25.27 0.81 I4 363718 388982 8.32 5.00 23.00 91.00 nd 0.48 9.23 0.12 I5 363720 388981 6.67 4.70 19.00 68.00 nd 0.01 0.01 0.05 I6 363723 388978 8.35 4.70 31.00 126.00 nd 0.01 7.46 0.09 J1 363775 389003 6.26 6.50 33.00 224.00 nd 2.22 26.49 0.80 J2 363770 389053 2.22 5.50 24.00 104.00 nd 0.01 0.37 0.13 J3 363767 389104 3.01 5.30 36.00 401.00 nd 0.40 25.69 0.33 J4 363771 388972 4.96 5.00 24.00 176.00 nd 0.01 10.96 0.18 J5 363771 388973 7.34 5.00 23.00 128.00 nd 0.01 11.93 0.19 J6 363772 388970 4.84 5.00 17.00 79.00 nd 0.01 4.30 0.09 Figure 3: The image below shows the spatial pattern of Lead (Pb) contamination across the New Cut Canal site. The image was created using Arc Map software. It is clear that the highest levels of Pb were found around sample site A3-5 and H1-2. Figure 4: The image below shows the spatial pattern of Zinc (Zn) contamination across the New Cut Canal site. The image was created using Arc Map software. Based on the spatial image, it is clear that the highest levels of Zn were found around sampling sites H1 and H2. Figure 5: The image below shows the spatial pattern of pH levels across the New Cut Canal site. The image was created using Arc Map. The most acidic pH readings were located towards the Southwest of the site whereas pH readings in the Eastern part of the sampling site increased to a pH of 5.3 and above. Figure 6: The graph below represents the changes in the Total (T) metal concentrations of various metals as well as indicating how bio available these metals are in the area. Figure 7: The stacked column below allows one to determine the bioavailability of Zinc as a percentage when compared to its total (T) metal concentrations for each of the sample sites. Upon observing the data, it is clear that (in terms of percentage) Zn bioav

Salmonella enterica typhi Essay -- Medical Health Biology Essays

Salmonella enterica typhi Introduction: Worldwide, typhoid fever affects roughly 17 million people annually, causing nearly 600,000 deaths. The causative agent, Salmonella enterica typhi (referred to as Salmonella typhi from now on), is an obligate parasite that has no known natural reservoir outside of humans. Little is known about the historical emergence of human S. typhi infections, however it is thought to have caused the deaths of many famous figures such as British author and poet Rudyard Kipling, the inventor of the airplane, Wilbur Wright, and the Greek Empire’s Alexander the Great. The earliest recorded epidemic occurred in Jamestown, VA where it is thought that 6,000 people died of typhoid fever in the early 17th Century. This disease is rare in the United States and developed nations, but always poses the risk of emergence. History: Originally isolated in 1880 by Karl J. Erberth, S. typhi is a multi-organ pathogen that inhabits the lympathic tissues of the small intestine, liver, spleen, and bloodstream of infected humans. It is not known to infect animals and is most common in developing countries with poor sanitary systems and lack of antibiotics, putting travelers to Asia, Latin America, and Africa in a high risk group. Of the 266 people infected in the United States in 2002, approximately 70% had traveled internationally within 6 weeks of the onset of disease. Microbiological Characteristics: This gram-negative enteric bacillus belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is a motile, facultative anaerobe that is susceptible to various antibiotics. Currently, 107 strains of this organism have been isolated, many containing varying metabolic characteristics, levels of virulence, and multi-drug r... ...asters have compromised sanitation. Although the incidence in the United States is very low, outbreaks and substantial epidemics still remain possible due to worldwide travel and unknowing carriers of the disease. The development of antibiotic treatments and several vaccines have presented the possibility of worldwide eradication. Until this is achieved, however, S. typhi and its characteristic typhoid fever will remain a threat for future epidemics. References Cited: Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc. Health Canada: MSDS of Infectious Substances World Health Organization: Typhoid Fever Fact Sheet Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Typhoid Fever Disease Information University of Florida Medical Micribiology and Infectious Diseases Department: Salmonella typhi Info Wikipedia.org: Typhoid Fever U. of Maryland Medical news: Typhoid Fever

Rap :: essays research papers

Throughout the past years, rap and all other types of music artist use their music to express their views, opinions and feelings in their songs. From their lyrics, you will have a little understanding towards what they see and feel about the society. The artists should be happy because this is a freedom of speech country and they can compose any types of music to express themselves. Although there are voices saying rap music should be censored and it has been influencing youth’s mind, but is rap music negatively influencing the youths’? There is a survey from the United States saying 48% Americans think popular music should be heavily regulated and 59% Americans wanted to restrict violence in music. However, there were no studies providing evidence towards a cause and effect relationship between violence, sex and behavioral effect. Even if there are studies, artist and composer will not be concerned about the regulations and/or rules. From this ignorance, this is how v iolence in rap music begins.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rap is defined as a form of popular music developed especially in African-American urban communities and characterized by spoken or chanted rhyming lyrics with a syncopated, repetitive rhythmic accompaniment. In the early '90's, rap music was beginning to be popular, and there were two different rapper groups: the East and West Coast. The wars between these two groups were not quite obvious until East Coast rappers began to get more publicity. West Coast rappers were upset and jealous so that they started to make fun of East Coast rappers through their music. East Coast rappers made revenge at West Coast rappers and the war has continue until one day, there was voices saying the other coast had gone too far. Nonetheless, West Coast rapper Tupac Shakur had a personal feud with the East Coast rapper The Notorious B.I.G.. In one of Tupac’s song, he proclaimed he had slept with the Biggie’s wife and Notorious B.I.G. revenged by saying â€Å"stupid niggaz mess with Big Poppa, motherf**kers get roasted if you f**k wit B.

The Death Penalty Is Archaic and Immoral Essay -- Against Capital Punis

The death penalty is simply a modernized version of the Holy Bible’s â€Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand, a foot for a foot†. Some argue that death is a necessary retribution for murderous cases - but is it effective morally? Revenge only glorifies violence, which is most definitely not the message the world strives to display. The death penalty is a negative form of punishment and insinuates a harsh reflection of society economically, politically, and socially. More than two thirds of the world’s countries formally oppose the death penalty, yet only fifteen out of the fifty United States also object against the decree. What does this say about America? The United States represents freedom yet braces an extremely unjust law that sharply curtails the lives of innocent people. From 1972 to 1976 the death penalty was deemed â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment† under the eighth Amendment. Though technology has allowed for a less painful death, what makes the action of killing someone today any different from killing someone in 1972? We simply do not have the ...

Otitis

Otitis is a general term for inflammation or infection of the ear, in both humans and other animals. It is subdivided into the following: Otitis externa, external otitis, or â€Å"swimmer's ear† involves the outer ear and ear canal. In external otitis, the ear hurts when touched or pulled. Otitis media or middle ear infection involves the middle ear. In otitis media, the ear is infected or clogged with fluid behind the ear drum, in the normally air-filled middle-ear space. This very common childhood infection sometimes requires a surgical procedure called â€Å"myringotomy and tube insertion†.Otitis interna or labyrinthitis involves the inner ear. The inner ear includes sensory organs for balance and hearing. When the inner ear is inflamed, vertigo is a common symptom. An ear infection (acute otitis media) is most often a bacterial or viral infection that affects the middle ear, the air-filled space behind the eardrum that contains the tiny vibrating bones of the ear. C hildren are more likely than adults to get ear infections. Ear infections are often painful because of inflammation and buildup of fluids in the middle ear.Because ear infections often clear up on their own, treatment often begins with managing pain and monitoring the problem. Ear infection in infants and severe cases in general require antibiotic medications. Long-term problems related to ear infections — persistent fluids in the middle ear, persistent infections or frequent infections — can cause hearing problems and other serious complications. The onset of signs and symptoms of ear infection is usually rapid. Children Signs and symptoms common in children include: Ear pain, especially when lying down Tugging or pulling at an ear Difficulty sleepingCrying more than usual Acting more irritable than usual Difficulty hearing or responding to sounds Loss of balance Headache Fever of 100 F (38 C) or higher Drainage of fluid from the ear Loss of appetite Vomiting Diarrhea Adults Common signs and symptoms in adults include: Ear pain Drainage of fluid from the ear Diminished hearing Sore throat When to see a doctor Signs and symptoms of an ear infection can indicate a number of different conditions. It's important to get an accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment. Call your child's doctor if: Symptoms last for more than a day Ear pain is severeYour infant or toddler is sleepless or irritable after a cold or other upper respiratory infection You observe a discharge of fluid, pus or bloody discharge from the ear An adult with ear pain or discharge should see a doctor as soon as possible. An ear infection is caused by a bacterium or virus in the middle ear. This infection often results from another illness — cold, flu or allergy — that causes congestion and swelling of the nasal passages, throat and eustachian tubes. Role of eustachian tubes The eustachian tubes are a pair of narrow tubes than run from each middle ear to high in the back of the throat, behind the nasal passages.The throat end of the tubes open and close to: Regulate air pressure in the middle ear Refresh air in the ear Drain normal secretions from the middle ear Swelling, inflammation and mucus in the eustachian tubes from an upper respiratory infection or allergy can block them, causing the accumulation of fluids in the middle ear. A bacterial or viral infection of this fluid is usually what produces the symptoms of an ear infection. Ear infections are more common in children, in part, because their eustachian tubes are narrower and more horizontal — factors that make them more difficult to drain and more likely to get clogged.Role of adenoids Adenoids are two small pads of tissues high in the back of the throat believed to play a role in immune system activity. This function may make them particularly vulnerable to infection and inflammation. Because adenoids are located near the opening of the eustachian tubes, inflammation or enlargement of the adenoids may block the tubes, thereby contributing to middle ear infection. Inflammation of adenoids is more likely to play a role in ear infections in children because children have more active and relatively larger adenoids. Related conditionsConditions of the middle ear that may be related to an ear infection or result in similar middle ear problems include the following: Otitis media with effusion is inflammation and fluid buildup (effusion) in the middle ear without bacterial or viral infection. This may occur because the fluid buildup persists even after an ear infection has resolved. It may also occur because of some dysfunction or noninfectious blockage of the eustachian tubes. Chronic suppurative otitis media is a persistent ear infection that results in tearing or perforation of the eardrum. Risk factorsSymptoms Age. Children between the ages of 6 months and 2 years are more susceptible to ear infections because of the size and shape of the eustachian tubes and becaus e of their poorly developed immune systems. Group child care. Children cared for in group settings are more likely to get colds and ear infections than are children who stay home, because they're exposed to more infections, such as the common cold. Infant feeding. Babies who drink from a bottle, especially while lying down, tend to have more ear infections than do babies who are breast-fed. Seasonal factors.Ear infections are most common during the fall and winter when colds and flu are prevalent. People with seasonal allergies may have a greater risk of ear infections during seasonal high pollen counts. Poor air quality. Exposure to tobacco smoke or high levels of air pollution can increase the risk of ear infection. Family history. A child's risk of ear infections increases if another member of the family has had ear infections. Ethnicity. American Indians and Inuits of Alaska and Canada have an increased risk of ear infections Tests and diagnosis By Mayo Clinic staffYour doctor c an usually diagnose an ear infection or another condition based on the symptoms you describe and a relatively simple office exam. The doctor will likely use a lighted instrument to look at the ears, throat and nasal passage. He or she will also listen to your child breathe with a stethoscope. Pneumatic otoscope An instrument called a pneumatic otoscope is often the only specialized tool that a doctor needs to make a diagnosis of an ear infection. This instrument enables the doctor to look in the ear and judge how much fluid may be behind the eardrum.With the pneumatic otoscope, the doctor gently puffs air against the eardrum. Normally, this puff of air would cause the eardrum to move. If the middle ear is filled with fluid, your doctor will observe little to no movement of the eardrum. Additional tests Your doctor may perform other diagnostic tests if there is any doubt about a diagnosis, if the condition hasn't responded to previous treatments, or if there are other persistent or s erious problems. Tympanometry. This test measures the movement of the eardrum. The device, which seals off the ear canal, adjusts air pressure in the canal, thereby causing the eardrum to move.The device quantifies how well the eardrum moves and provides an indirect measure of pressure within the middle ear. Acoustic reflectometry. This test measures how much sound emitted from a device is reflected back from the eardrum — an indirect measure of fluids in the middle ear. Normally, the eardrum absorbs most of the sound. However, the more pressure there is from fluid in the middle ear, the more sound the eardrum will reflect. Tympanocentesis. Rarely, a doctor may use a tiny tube that pierces the eardrum to drain fluid from the middle ear — a procedure called tympanocentesis.Tests to determine the infectious agent in the fluid may be beneficial if an infection hasn't responded well to previous treatments. Other tests. If your child has had persistent ear infections or per sistent fluid buildup in the middle ear, your doctor may refer you to a hearing specialist (audiologist), speech therapist or developmental therapist for tests of hearing, speech skills, language comprehension or developmental abilities. What a diagnosis means Acute otitis media. The diagnosis of â€Å"ear infection† is generally shorthand for acute otitis media.Your doctor likely makes this diagnosis if he or she observes signs of fluid in the middle ear, if there are signs or symptoms of an infection, and if the onset of symptoms was relatively sudden. Otitis media with effusion. If the diagnosis is otitis media with effusion, the doctor has found evidence of fluid in the middle ear, but there are presently no signs or symptoms of infection. Chronic suppurative otitis media. If the doctor makes a diagnosis of chronic suppurative otitis media, he or she has found that a persistent ear infection has resulted in tearing or perforation of the eardrum.Treatments and drugs By May o Clinic staff Most ear infections don't need treatment with antibiotics. What's best for your child depends on many factors, including your child's age and the severity of symptoms. A wait-and-see approach Symptoms of ear infections usually improve with the first couple of days, and most infections clear up on their own within one to two weeks without any treatment. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Family Physicians recommend a wait-and-see approach for the first 48 to 72 hours for anyone who is otherwise healthy and who is:Six months to 2 years of age with mild symptoms and an uncertain diagnosis More than 2 years old with mild symptoms or an uncertain diagnosis Treating pain Your doctor will advise you on treatments to lessen pain from an ear infection. These may include the following: A warm compress. Placing a warm, moist washcloth over the affected ear may lessen pain. Pain medication. Your doctor may advise the use of over-the-counter acetaminoph en (Tylenol, others) or ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil, others) to relieve pain. Use the drugs as directed on the label.Because aspirin has been linked with Reye's syndrome, use caution when giving aspirin to children or teenagers. Although aspirin is approved for use in children older than age 2, children and teenagers recovering from chickenpox or flu-like symptoms should never take aspirin. Talk to your doctor if you have concerns. Eardrops. Prescription eardrops such as antipyrine-benzocaine (Aurodex) may provide additional pain relief. To administer drops to your child, warm the bottle by placing it in warm water. Put the recommended dose in your child's ear while he or she lies on a flat surface with the infected ear facing up.Benzocaine has been linked to a rare but serious, sometimes deadly, condition that decreases the amount of oxygen that the blood can carry. Don't use benzocaine in children younger than age 2 without supervision from a health care professional, as this age gro up has been the most affected. If you're an adult, never use more than the recommended dose of benzocaine and consider talking with your doctor. Antibiotic therapy Your doctor may recommend antibiotic treatment for an ear infection in the following situations:Children under 6 months old with a probable diagnosis of ear infection Children 6 months to 2 years old with a certain diagnosis of ear infection Anyone with a probable ear infection and moderate to severe ear pain Anyone with a probable ear infection and a fever over 102. 2 F (39 C) or higher Even after symptoms have improved, be sure to use all of the antibiotic pills as directed. Failing to do so can result in recurring infection and resistance of bacteria to antibiotic medications. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about what to do if you accidentally skip a dose. Ear tubesIf your child has otitis media with effusion — persistent fluid buildup in the ear after an infection has cleared up or in the absence of any infe ction — your doctor may recommend a procedure to drain fluid from the middle ear. During an outpatient surgical procedure called a myringotomy, a surgeon creates a tiny hole in the eardrum that enables him or her to suction fluids out of the middle ear. A tiny tube is placed in the opening to help ventilate the middle ear and prevent the accumulation of more fluids. Some tubes are intended to stay in place for six months to a year and then fall out on their own.Other tubes are designed to stay in longer and may need to be surgically removed. The eardrum closes up again after the tube falls out or is removed. Treatment for chronic suppurative otitis media Chronic infection that results in perforation of the eardrum — chronic suppurative otitis media — is difficult to treat. It's often treated with antibiotics administered as drops. You'll receive instructions on how to suction fluids out through the ear canal before administering drops. Monitoring Children with f requent or persistent infections or with persistent fluid in the middle ear will need to be monitored closely.Talk to your doctor about how often you should schedule follow-up appointments. Your doctor may recommend regular hearing and language tests. Prevention Tests and diagnosis Prevention By Mayo Clinic staff The following tips may reduce the risk of developing ear infections: Prevent common colds and other illnesses. Teach your child to wash his or her hands frequently and thoroughly, and teach your child not to share eating and drinking utensils. If possible, limit the time your child spends in group child care. A child care setting with fewer children may help. Avoid secondhand smoke.Make sure that no one smokes in your home. Away from home, stay in smoke-free environments. Breast-feed your baby. If possible, breast-feed your baby for at least six months. Breast milk contains antibodies that may offer protection from ear infections. If you bottle-feed, hold your baby in an up right position. Avoid propping a bottle in your baby's mouth while he or she is lying down. Talk to your doctor about vaccinations. Ask your doctor about what vaccinations are appropriate for your child. Seasonal flu shots and pneumococcal vaccines may help prevent ear infections.

Philosophy Epistemology Essay

Epistemology is one of the very important branches of philosophy. It is also known as the knowledge theory. The knowledge theory consists of three questions; â€Å"What is the origin of knowledge? What is the reliability of knowledge? & What is the criteria of knowledge? † Rene Descartes and John Locke really looked into epistemology and both had different theories to approach it. John Locke looked at empiricism and Rene Descartes looked at rationalism. John Locke was an English philosopher and formed his opinion around empiricism. Empiricism is an approach to doing philosophy stressing experience as the in road to all knowledge. The human being is a blank slate to him. Locke was a moderate skeptic, who doubted until valid proof was given to substantiate truth claims of a demonstrative and sensitive nature. The foundations of knowledge functioned in the following manner according to Locke. The human being takes in the external world through sensation (the five senses) and gives form to the experiential data through the processes of reflection. To Locke, intuitive knowledge is the most trustworthy because we automatically recognize the agreement or disagreement of ideas without the intervention of a â€Å"proof†. His criterion of knowledge depended on the force and intensity with which someone perceives either agreement or disagreement between ideas. So for example, we know that 2+3=5. We also know that 2+3 does not equal 7. Locke, unlike Descartes, argues against innate ideas. However, Locke believes that we are all born with the ability to acquire knowledge through the organization of sensate data by the cognitive capacities and capabilities we possess at birth, which are innate to the human. Descartes had a different view of epistemology. He argued for rationalism. Rationalism is an approach to philosophy that employs â€Å"pure reason† to acquire instances of fundamental truth. In Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes comes up with three fundamental truths by way of pure reason. The first fundamental truth is â€Å"I think, therefore I exist. † This fundamental truth establishes for Descartes the â€Å"essence† of the human being in his philosophy, as the â€Å"thing that thinks. † He is reflecting on himself as the â€Å"object of deception† and reasons that despite being deceived, as long as he can think about it, he exists. Having a clear perception of the fundamental truths can guarantee they can be trusted with absolute certainty and cannot ever be false. The three fundamental truths (self, god, & mathematics) are examples of innate knowledge, or truths that all humans are born with given to by God. Descartes says we can discover these truths through the Meditations, by way of doing philosophy, but we do not pursue these in the same manner we pursue other forms of knowledge such as science. The dream argument is aimed at the external world. It says that â€Å"I often have perceptions very much like the ones I have while I’m dreaming. There are no definite signs to distinguish dream experience from wake experience, so it is possible that I am dreaming right now and all my perceptions are false. † In my opinion, I think that John Locke’s position on empiricism is more philosophically sound to me. Just to re-cap, empiricism is an approach to doing philosophy stressing experience as the in road to all knowledge. The human being as a blank slate really makes sense to me. We automatically know that we can agree or disagree without having to have proof to go along with it. I think that sense experience is always the starting point to knowledge. I think in order to learn something in life you have to experience it first. You can’t just go out and expect the knowledge to be in your brain for no reason. For example, how would you know what the color blue looks like if you were born blind? You would need to use your senses to try and understand what the color is. God couldn’t just put it in your mind because it’s something that you just need to see. Also, you can learn from the experiences you go through. If you do something and it ends up being wrong, then you learn from that experience and how you can go about it differently next time. In my opinion, rationalism has some defects that would make it harder to understand philosophically. A rationalist comes to believe that knowledge is a lot like math. So pretty much, it is knowledge that comes before experience. Something that you already know, but have never experienced before. I think that is a bit problematic because how can you know something that you never experienced? Epistemology plays a big role in philosophy as does John Locke and Rene Descartes. They both have great views on epistemology looking at rationalism and empiricism. When thinking about rationalism, we know that knowledge can be acquired through reason alone and that we don’t need experience. But when thinking about empiricism, we know that we learn through our experiences as a person. Justifying truth as a philosopher, I would agree more with Locke’s view on empiricism. I believe that everything happens for a reason, and that you need experience to learn, and to grow as a person.

Globalization and some ethical issue Essay

Globalization is phenomenon which is quickly sweeping across the world. Globalization occurs when the scope of things, like trade and politics cross the national boundaries and enter the realm of international scenario. To some extent people working on the international front do not merely belong to their own countries but actually become a part of the international community. The increasingly closer contacts between different countries of the world due to progress in means of traveling and communication, and exchange of not only products but also cultures, are the actual basis and the real reasons behind globalization. Globalization has been believed to bring about revolution in the lives of people of quite a few countries affected by it. International trade, politics and spotlight on ethical issues has opened doors to a completely new world for many. However, as much as it’s positive effects like competitive global or open market trade, its negative effects are also a cause of offense to many. It is seen that if people are happy by the transformed way of living due to globalization, quite a lot are dismayed and consider globalization as an attack on their national identities, a raid on their distinctive cultural and an attempt of involvement in their countries’ internal affairs. Countries which are affected positively are mostly European or Western countries, with the exceptions of countries like China and Japan etc. belonging to the East, which truly made use of the opportunity and progressed. Other developing countries spread over, Asia, Africa and Middle East were either too badly exploited or accepted the international influence too much to loose their own specific culture and identities. Overwhelmed by the Western influence they did not progress as much as they lost their true identification. Numerous countries, cultures and nations have been under the influence of globalization but here specifically I am discussing the effects of globalization on China in from economic, political, environmental and cultural point of view. Cultural Impact of Globalization on China Globalization poses a threat for the original cultures of all the nations who accept to be a part of the international community. Accepting the international community’s norms and adjusting like wise is the first and foremost rule to be followed in such circumstances. Globalization is seen as â€Å"an unstoppable homogenization that dooms local variation and that makes the nation state increasingly irrelevant. † (Weller p. 161) Culture is highly dynamic; it is â€Å"not static. † (Rothkop) Many people who staunchly believe in a strict national identity including staunchness to religion, caste and creed etc. are opposed to the idea of globalization. International influence has no doubt changed the scenario in nearly all the modern cities or areas of China in order to comply with the global requirements. The influx of knowledge, modern machinery and modern lifestyles is simply unacceptable by many who have lived their lives protecting their cultural norms. Globalization aims at changing the entire way of lives of people belonging to any specific culture. Involvement of women and people irrespective of caste, religion or family background in the employments opened as a result of being a part of the international market threatens the traditional caste system supported by many cultures and societies. Same holds true for China; modern ways of life complying in accordance with the world standards are now a strong part of the modern Chinese society. Nevertheless, along with the good effects the bad effects are also inevitably incorporated into the society. Ethics, modesty and self restraint from the social evils leave the culture as modern ways are readily incorporated into it. This is the main reason why many wise believe in moderation. However, the new era, in general and that of China believes in accepting the good and the bad alike for the purpose of achieving progress and development which is hard earned. Globalization in China from economic point of view China is an Asian country, which has been positively influenced by globalization especially in terms of economic growth. China grabbed the opportunity of entering into the competitive global market and using this opportunity for its own benefit. It seems China whole heartedly accepted the idea of globalization and allowed it to enter by opening all doors to it. It is believed to have entered an era of explosive economic development mainly relying on export of their products. This definitely strengthened China and helped it improve its condition in many ways, for example, improving the quality of life of the people and the environment to meet the international standards which was highly necessary in order to stand shoulder to shoulder with the other international states in competing in the open market. Just as in any society, globalization changed the culture of China in multiple ways and China accepted all these transformations whole heartedly for the sake of betterment. However, it was not so easy for every one to adapt to the rapidly changing norms even if they were in the field of economics. Income disparity was an inevitable consequence. Even today it is believed that â€Å"the most important source of income inequality in rural China is income from wages. † (Khan and Riskin p. 30) However, this entrance into the international scenario made it incumbent upon China to meet the international standards not only in terms of products but also environment; this lead to China’s struggle towards maintaining and improving its environment so that it could come up to the world wide standards.

For the Triumph of Time

Explore how the poet makes vivid his feelings of loss in the poem. A. C Swinburne intelligently directs the readers of his poem towards his own thoughts by naming his piece ‘From The Triumph of Time’. The poet effectively creates a contrast within two ideas; Time itself triumphing by taking away a loved one, or Swinburne’s own triumph of being capable of healing his grief and wounds throughout the passing of time. Making unrequited love and the separation of two souls perfect for each other two very important themes in the poem.Swinburne uses the ottava rima to structure his poem, following the pattern of ‘abab’, but this structure is misplaced in the first stanza following a pattern of ‘ababccab’. We can see how the poet has thoughtfully arranged his ideas in this structure to honour her soul mate. Even though he is trying to arrange his ideas, we sense that he has a lack of clarity since he has failed to structure it perfectly, effectiv ely portraying his feeling of desesperation and grief since he is not able to think clearly.Swinburne decided to give his poem a type of rhyme which made it have a slow rhythm, creating a very sorrowful tone, setting it at the very start of the poem. A. C Swinburne was seen as very religious important figure, but his feelings of faith are not foreshadowed in the poem, creating a very big contradiction, since he does not see his faith as any type of help when going through the loss of the woman she loved. Before our lives divide for ever’, at the very start of the first stanza the poet strictly states that they will never be together again, even though his religion believes that he will be able to encounter her in heaven once dead: Swinburne does not see this as an option, he believes that once they have been separated their ‘lives divide for ever’ contradicting the idea of eternal serenity in heaven with her loved one.By stating that ‘time is with us and ha nds are free’ the poet creates an image of his hands being tied, not being able of doing anything creating a feeling of impotence as he cannot reach out to join her soul mate. Swinburne tries to explain the different stages of their relationship throughout the use of imagery and metaphor in the second stanza, making the readers position in the poets situation, therefore being much easier to comprehend his thought and pain. Time shall not sever us wholly in twain’, portraying time as a brutal weapon, the poet sees time as being a ‘shower’ that will not be able to abolish their eternal love. But we can also perceive the metaphor of their relationship portrayed as a ‘harvest’, and how their problems have been piling up, and not even a dreadful ‘shower’ can be able to wash the bad experiences away, meaning that even though the outside of their love has been cleansed by the rain, it is still tarnished in the inside, but only them two k now.

Absorb well all themes and only after that choose a title and start Term Paper

Absorb well all themes and only after that choose a title and start writing the - Term Paper Example This paper will look at trade components while discussing trade measures and commodities, tariff and non-tariff barriers, export taxes, quantitative measures, subsidies, consumption taxes, the impact of trade measures on supply and demand and prices, obstacles to reform of agricultural trade through WTO and raw materials. New trade measures have been documented, influencing almost 0.9% of universe imports and 1.1% of G-20 commodities imports from 2011 in the middle of October. The foremost trade measures include customs controls, trade remedy actions, import licenses, and tariff enhancements. There have been less new export measures introduced over the past months than in prior times. The most current upsurge of trade measure seems to attempt to inspire recovery via national industrial scheduling instead of dealing with the short-term impacts of the world crisis, which is a long-standing issue. In addition, the amassing of trade measures has to be deliberated where the distortions and stock of trade measures that persisted prior to the global financial turmoil are still in existence (Shah 1). Finally, trade measures have both negative and positive effects on commodities. Tariffs refer to taxes imposed on imports on products into a region or country. Tariffs enhance earnings to companies and dealers of resources to local companies that are competing with external importers and supply income for the governments. Tariff barriers refer to taxes enforced on commodities which adequately create an impediment to trade; nonetheless, this is not the ultimate responsibility of enforcing tariffs. Tariff barriers are also referred to as import restraints. This is because they reduce the quantity of commodities which can be brought into a region or country. In addition, non-tariff barriers are an alternative means for a country or region to regulate the amount of trading activities that it does with a